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Presentation transcript:

Colonialism- Puritanism 1650-1750 1620 – Mayflower “all people are corrupt and must be saved by Christ” Genre/Style: sermons, diaries – Cotton Mather personal narratives /letters poems – Anne Bradstreet

Rationalism/ Age of Enlightenment 1750-1800 the Founding Fathers – The American Revolution (1775-1783) democratic utopia Genre/Style: political pamphlets – rise of journalism travel writing highly ornate writing style Thomas Paine – The Age of Reason, Common Sense Thomas Jefferson – The Declaration of Independence Benjamin Franklin – Poor Richard’s Almanac , Autobiography

19th Century Thriving economy 1850s – the Gold Rush Industrial Revolution – H. Ford, A. Bell (1876) Lack of political unity – rivalry North vs South The Civil War (1861-1865) – Abraham Lincoln Anti-discrimination measures – 14th, 15th amendments Slavery segregation (KKK) Laws restricting immigration (1882)

American Renaissance/Romanticism 1800-1855 Washington Irving – The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Rip van Winkle (1819) James Fenimore Cooper – the “American Walter Scott” – The Last of the Mohicans (1826) Edgar Allen Poe- darker side of human nature – GOTHIC double – supernatural TRANSCENDENTALISM - finding the truth through feeling and intuition Ralph Waldo Emerson – Nature (1836), Self-Reliance (1841) Henry David Thoreau – Civil Disobedience (1841), Walden (1854)

Nathaniel Hawthorne- man in society The Scarlet Letter (1850) Herman Melville Moby Dick (1851) – a ‘wild and mad novel’ Mark Twain – the ‘human journey’ Life on the Mississippi (1883) The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) Harriet Beecher Stowe – “So you’re the little woman who made the book that made the great war” Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

Poetry Walt Whitman – Leaves of Grass (1855) –experimental poetry “I celebrate myself and sing myself Nothing, not God, is greater than the self is” Emily Dickinson – personal and pure kind of poetry – unconventional style

Realism 1855-1900 Content: common characters not idealized (immigrants, laborers) people in society defined by class society corrupted by materialism William Dean Howells A Modern Instance (1882) – divorce Edward Bellamy Looking Backward, 2000-1887 Henry James – ‘recorder of the times’ – psychological realism The Portrait of a Lady (1881) The Ambassadors (1903)

Naturalism 1880-1900 writers reflect the ideas of Darwin and Karl Marx the "brute within" fight for survival in an amoral, indifferent world – ‘the ugly side’ fictional world is commonplace and unheroic - dull existence Stephen Crane - The Red Badge of Courage (1895) Frank Norris – the world=battlefield between uncontrollable forces Jack London – Call of the Wild (1903)

1900-1950 War with Spain (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam the Philippines) 1919 – Woodrow Wilson – The League of Nations 1920s- the Roaring Twenties – excess and enjoyment 1920-1933 – Prohibition organised crime 1929 –Wall Street Crash the Great Depression F.D. Roosevelt – The New Deal 1945 – US joins the UN 1948 – the Marshall Plan (Aid) 1949- NATO

Modernist Fiction alienation and disconnection fragmentation, juxtaposition interior monologue, stream of consciousness Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie (1900) An American Tragedy (1925) Edith Wharton The House of Mirth (1905) Gertrude Stein

The Lost Generation They had “grown up to find al gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken.” The Jazz Age – “borrowed time” 1925 1937 1929 1929

Modernist Poetry Robert Frost - The Road Not Taken T.S. Eliott – The Waste Land (1923) Ezra Pound – In a Station of the Metro (1915) e.e. cummings -

Modernist Drama 1947 1941 1948 1962

Post-War(?) America The 50s - Consumerism and baby boom The Koren War (1950-1951) Protest against the Vietnam War (1960-1973) – Make love, not war Civil Rights Movement – Martin Luther King -1968 The Cold War – the space race – Ronald Reagan The Gulf War -1991 9/11 - Afghanistan globalisation

Postmodernism – the Age of Anxiety popular culture loneliness, “search for self” mixing of fantasy with nonfiction; blurs lines of reality for reader no heroes The Beat Generation (60s,70s) - called for a ‘revolution in consciousness’ 1948 1966 1951 1964

1952 1958 1959 1957

1960 1961 1987 1969

Post-modernist Poetry Alan Ginsberg – Howl (1956) Robert Lowell – confessional poetry Sylvia Plath Langston Hughes – Harlem Renaissance

Nobel Prize winners 1930: Sinclair Lewis 1936: Eugene O'Neill 1938: Pearl S. Buck 1948: T. S. Eliot 1949: William Faulkner 1954: Ernest Hemingway 1962: John Steinbeck 1976: Saul Bellow 1978: Isaac Bashevis Singer (wrote in Yiddish) 1987: Joseph Brodsky (wrote in Russian and English) 1993: Toni Morrison