boiling water boiled water the falling leaves the fallen leaves the developing country the developed country

The pupils who are playing in the playground are my classmates. Most of the students who are singing are girls. The building which stands over there is our new library. = The pupils playing in the playground are my classmates. = Most of the students singing are girls. = The building standing over there is our new library.

The machine which is made in China works noiselessly. How I regretted the hours that had been wasted in the woods and fields. = The machine made in China works noiselessly. = How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields.

surprising 使人感到惊讶的（主动） 〈物作主语〉 surprised 感到惊讶（被动， …… 使惊讶）〈人作主语〉 surprised 感到惊讶（被动， …… 使惊讶）〈人作主语〉 disappointing 令人感到失望的（主动） 〈物作主语〉 disappointed 感到失望（被动， …… 使失望）〈人作主语〉 disappointed 感到失望（被动， …… 使失望）〈人作主语〉

现在分词 amusing astonishing tiring disappointing tiring disappointing exciting shocking exciting shocking frightening interesting frightening interesting moving relaxing moving relaxing satisfying terrifying satisfying terrifying worrying worrying

过去分词 amused, astonished, tired, disappointed, excited, shocked, frightened, interested, moved, relaxed, satisfied, surprised, terrified, worried.

现在 The story is exciting. The story is exciting. The situation is encouraging. The situation is encouraging. His lecture is interesting. I’m interested in it. His lecture is interesting. I’m interested in it. The film is touching. The film is touching.

过去 I was very excited at the news. I was very excited at the news. The glass was broken. The glass was broken. The door remains locked. The door remains locked. She looked disappointed. She looked disappointed. We are surprised to hear the news. We are surprised to hear the news.

 I saw him repairing the watch.  I heard someone knocking at the door.  The children watched the plane taking off at the airport.  The Frenchman tried to make his speech inspiring.

I found the boy beaten black and blue. I found the boy beaten black and blue. The Frenchman tried to make himself understood. The Frenchman tried to make himself understood. John will get his room painted. John will get his room painted. Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine. Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.

表示 “ 致使 ” 意义的动词 (have ； make; get; keep; leave; ) 或表示 “ 愿望、希望 ” 意义的动词 ( want; wish, like; expect ； ) 等后加 done 作宾补 He had his bike repaired. He had his bike repaired. She will get her photo fixed on the wall. She will get her photo fixed on the wall. We should keep the forest untouched. We should keep the forest untouched. He wanted his hair cut in style. He wanted his hair cut in style. The computer he had had repaired didn’t work again. The computer he had had repaired didn’t work again. Yesterday I had my wallet stolen on a bus. Yesterday I had my wallet stolen on a bus.

表示感觉的或心理状态的动词 ( see ; watch; notice, find; hear; feel; think) 等后加 done 作宾补 We saw the thief caught by the police. We saw the thief caught by the police. I thought my purse lost. I thought my purse lost. I found the water badly polluted. I found the water badly polluted. I heard my name called behind when I was crossing the street. I heard my name called behind when I was crossing the street.

Ex. Translation. 1. 我得立刻请人把煤气管道修好。 1. 我得立刻请人把煤气管道修好。 2 昨天晚上格林太太叫人把没用得东 西都清走了。 2 昨天晚上格林太太叫人把没用得东 西都清走了。 3 你验过血吗？ 3 你验过血吗？ 4 先生，洗车吗？ 4 先生，洗车吗？ 5 他只记得是被人撞到的。 5 他只记得是被人撞到的。

Key. 1. I’ll have to get the gas pipe repaired at once. 1. I’ll have to get the gas pipe repaired at once. 2. Last night Mrs. Green had all those useless things cleared away. 2. Last night Mrs. Green had all those useless things cleared away. 3. Have you had your blood tested? 3. Have you had your blood tested? 4. Would you like to have your car cleaned, sir? 4. Would you like to have your car cleaned, sir? 5. He could only remember that he felt knocked down by someone. 5. He could only remember that he felt knocked down by someone.

Difficult Points 1. Jack found his bag stolen when he woke up. = Jack’s bag was found stolen when he woke up. 2. They had the fire burning day and night. Can you get the machine going again? Can you get the machine going again? Mary had her dress washed. Mary had her dress washed. He had his leg broken. He had his leg broken. He tried to get his car started. He tried to get his car started.

不定式与分词作宾补的 区别  I saw him wander in the streets.  I saw him wandering in the streets.  We sat two hours and watched the teacher make the experiment.  We sat two hours and watched the teacher making the experiment.

不定式被动语态与过分作宾补的 区别 Would you like the window to be closed? Would you like the window to be closed? Would you like the windows closed? Would you like the windows closed? Have you ever heard the man to be interviewed? Have you ever heard the man to be interviewed? Have you ever heard the man interviewed? Have you ever heard the man interviewed?

及物动词 do 不及物动 ( 主动形 go) 主动形式被动形式 现在分词现在分词现在分词现在分词 一般式一般式一般式一般式doing being done going 完成式完成式完成式完成式 having done having been done having gone 过去 分词 donegone 形式

现在分词作状语 表时间

现在分词 ( 同时发生） When I was walking along the street, I met an old friend of mine. When I was walking along the street, I met an old friend of mine. = Walking along the street, I met an old … When he entered the dining-room, he saw his mother in a white clean overall. When he entered the dining-room, he saw his mother in a white clean overall. = Entering the dining-room, he saw his mother in … While we were working in the factory, we learned a lot from the workers. While we were working in the factory, we learned a lot from the workers. = Working in the factory, we learned a lot …

现在分词 ( 同时发生） Seeing those pictures, he couldn't help Seeing those pictures, he couldn't help thinking of those days inYan’an. =When he saw those pictures, he… Turning round, Fanny found an Turning round, Fanny found an ambulance driving up. =When she turned round, Fanny found…

现在分词 （已经完成） Having watered the vegetables, they Having watered the vegetables, they began to pick up the apples. =After they had watered vegetables,… Having finished the work, he went Having finished the work, he went back home on foot. =After he had finished the work,…

完成时态用 现在分词  After they had done their homework, they went out to play basketball. = Having done their homework, they went out …. After he had lunch, he went to play basketball. = Having had lunch, he went to play basketball. Because I have seen the film twice, I don’t plan to see it again = Having seen the film twice, I don’t plan to see it again.

分词作状语表示原因、条件、让步 As I did not know how to do it, I asked him to help me. As I did not know how to do it, I asked him to help me. = Not knowing how to do it, I asked him…  If you stand on the church tower, you can see the whole village. = Standing on the church tower, you can see…  Though he is old, he studies hard. = Being old, he studies hard.  As they were blind men, how could they see! = Being blind men, how could they see!

被动用 过去分词  If they had been given enough sunlight, the flowers could have grown.  Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. = Given enough sunlight, the flowers could … = Warned of the danger, he still went skating…

过去分词 Inspired by Dr. Chen’s speech, they decided to study maths harder. Inspired by Dr. Chen’s speech, they decided to study maths harder. Persuaded by my mother, she gladly Persuaded by my mother, she gladly went there alone. =Because they were inspired by Dr. Chen’s speech,… =Because she was persuaded by my mother,…

过去分词完成式  After they have been written, the compositions must be handed in this afternoon. After he had supper, he went out for a walk. Because he was bitten by a dog, he trembles whenever he sees a dog. = Having been written, the composition…. =Having had supper, he went out for a walk. =Having been bitten by a dog, he trembles whenever he sees a dog.

并列句转换为分词表 方式或伴随 She stood there and waited for the bus. A woman entered the room and was followed by two girls. = She stood there, waiting for the bus. = A woman entered the room, followed by two girls.

连词或介词 + 分词 After talking to you, I always feel better. After talking to you, I always feel better. She’s been quite different since coming back from America. She’s been quite different since coming back from America. If given another five minutes, I could finish the paper. If given another five minutes, I could finish the paper. On hearing the news, we burst into tears. On hearing the news, we burst into tears. While watching the play, she couldn’t keep back her tears. While watching the play, she couldn’t keep back her tears.

with/without+n.(pron.)+ 分词 He fell asleep with the light burning. He fell asleep with the light burning. He sat there with tears rolling down. He sat there with tears rolling down. Without a word more spoken, he went with us. Without a word more spoken, he went with us. With everyone he needed bought, he left the shop. With everyone he needed bought, he left the shop.

不能用并列连词 Having been told many times, but he still couldn't understand it. Having been told many times, but he still couldn't understand it. He was told many times, but he couldn't understand it. He was told many times, but he couldn't understand it. Having been told many times, he still couldn't understand it. Having been told many times, he still couldn't understand it. × √ √

分词否定 Not understanding its meaning, he asked the teacher to explain the work. Not understanding its meaning, he asked the teacher to explain the work. Not having received an answer, I wrote again. Not having received an answer, I wrote again.

分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致 My wife had a long talk with sally, explaining why she didn't want the children to play together. My wife had a long talk with sally, explaining why she didn't want the children to play together. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. We explored the caves, Peter acting as guide. We explored the caves, Peter acting as guide.

独立主格 If the weather permits, we’ll have an outing tomorrow. If the weather permits, we’ll have an outing tomorrow. = Weather permitting, we’ll have an outing tomorrow.  Since the last bus had gone, we had to walk home. = The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.

Exercises 1.She couldn’t help smiling when she thought of the joke.  Thinking of the joke, she couldn’t help smiling. 2.When he arrived at the airport, he saw his wife waving to him.  Arriving at the airport, he saw his wife waving to him.

3.Because Tom was ill, he didn’t go to see the film.  Being ill, he didn’t go to see the film. 4.As I knew that he wasn’t free, I didn’t ask him to go with me.  Knowing he wasn’t free, I didn’t … 5.If I was given more time, I could pass the exam.  Given more time, I could pass …

6.As he is a clever boy, he draws very well.  Being a clever boy, he draws very… 7.The children stood around and looked at the famous musician. The children stood around, looking at… 8.She stood by the window and read an English poem.  She stood by the window, reading an…

9.After he took some medicine, he felt much better.  Having taken the medicine, he felt much better. 10.If you turn to the right, you’ll find the post office.  Turning to the right, you’ll find the post office.