MICROSCOPY Ken Leach Collins Hill High School

What do microscopes do? The forgotten Technology An optical instrument that uses a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images of small objects, especially of objects too small to be seen by the unaided eye.

Compound Light Microscope Dissection or Stereoscope Confocal Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Description Compound microscopes are light illuminated. The image seen with this type of microscope is two dimensional. This microscope is the most commonly used. You can view individual cells, even living ones. It has high magnification. However, it has a low resolution. A dissection microscope is light illuminated. The image that appears is three dimensional. It is used for dissection to get a better look at the larger specimen. You cannot see individual cells because it has a low magnification. This microscope uses a laser light. This light is used because of the wavelength. Laser light scan across the specimen with the aid of scanning mirrors. Then image is then placed on a digital computer screen for analyzing. SEM use electron illumination. The image is seen in 3-D. It has high magnification and high resolution. The specimen is coated in gold and the electrons bounce off to give you and exterior view of the specimen. The pictures are in black and white. TEM is electron illuminated. This gives a 2- D view. Thin slices of specimen are obtained. The electron beams pass through this. It has high magnification and high resolution. Costs$150 - $10,000$100-$1500$20, ,000more than $50.000more than $50,000 Source of Radiation for Image Formation visible light laser lightelectrons Mediumair vacuum Specimen mounting glass slidesnone glass slides with dyed samples Mounted on aluminum stubs and are coated in gold Thin films of collodion or other supporting material on copper grids

Microviewers Inexpsensive? Best characteristics is that they alloow the students to see images that they cannot see with the school microscope. High school microscope magnify up to 400x The micrographs on these filmstrips go up to 200,000x Viewer = $ filmstrips $177.00

What is It? Ant’s head.

What is It? This is the face of the Red Wriggler earthworm, Eisenia foetida. Earthworms burrow through the soil, eating dead plant material. As well as breaking down the dead plant material into soil, their burrows also help aerate it.

What is it? Common everyday items take on a new dimension at high magnification. In this photo, a staple is seen where it ripped through the fibers of a yellow sticky note paper.

What is It? These tiny glass capsules contain a liquid scent and are glued onto paper. When the paper is scratched, some of the capsules are ruptured and the scent is released.

SNOW What is It?

Parts of the Microscope a Eye piece b Body tube c Coarse adjustment knob d Fine adjustment knob e Nose piece f Objective Lens g Arm h Aperture I Stage j Diaphragm k Light l Base m On/Off Switch n Stage Clips

Compound Light Microscope

b. a.

h e.

f. n. Scanning = 4X Low Power = 10X High Power = 40X

k. i.

l. m. d. c.

g. n j.

Microscope Care & Handling Importance of care So why do I need to know how to use the microscope? Because microscopes cost several hundred dollars it is very important to make them last for a long time. How long will a microscope last if I take good care of it? They can last for at least 10 years if you care for the "scope“.

Microscope Care & Handling Transporting When you pick up the microscope and walk with it, grab the arm with one hand and place your other hand on the bottom of the base. DON'T SWING THE MICROSCOPE !

Handling & Cleaning Never touch the lenses with your fingers. Your body produces an oil that smudges the glass. This oil can even etch the glass if left on too long. Use only LENS PAPER to clean the glass. TOILET PAPER, KLEENEX, AND PAPER TOWELS HAVE FIBERS THAT CAN SCRATCH THE LENSES.

Storage When you are finished with your "scope" assignment, rotate the nosepiece so that it's on the low power objective, roll the nosepiece so that it's all the way down to the stage, then replace the dust cover. DON'T FORGET TO USE PROPER TRANSPORTING TECHNIQUES!

Clean Up: Clean all slides, materials, and work area when you're done. Please, be careful with the slides and cover slips. They are made of glass and if broken, you will get cut and you will bleed.

POWERS OF MAGNIFICATION A

B

C

D

This picture = 7x Scanning = 45x Low = 112.5x High = 225x

IN THE GUT OF TERMITES

WHAT NOT TO DO…

Slides to Make Hydra Colored threads Letter “e” Tomato Potato Pear Feather Pond water Copepods Rotifers Daphnia Sponge Sand