Answer key for Exercise 1. defence, likely, Italy, canteen, represent, dash, approach, association, cheek, flight Discovering useful words and expressions

Answer key for Exercise 2. approached, Jordan, cheek, curiously, dashed, misunderstood, contrary

Answer key for Exercise 3. crossroads, adult, major, dormitory, greeted, representing, association, spoken, Colombia, curious, flight

V-ing form --- used as attribute & Adverbial Unit4 Grammar

Julia Smith Tony Garcia Akira Nagata George Cook Describe the picture: 1)They were visitors coming from several countries. 2) Akira’snose touched Mr. Cook’s moving hand. 2) Akira’s nose touched Mr. Cook’s moving hand. 3) Julia stepped back appearing surprised. 4)This was an exciting experience.

= They were visitors who came from several countries. 1)They were visitors coming from several countries. = This is an experience which is exciting. 3) This is an exciting experience. = Akira’s nose touched Mr. Cook’s hand which is moving. which is moving. 2) Akira’s nose touched Mr. Cook’s moving hand. 一. The –ing form used as attribute 定语

1. Rewrite the following sentences. 1) The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy __________________ is reading a book about body language. 2) The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person __________________can speak seven languages. translating the songs who is standing there 3) The building which was built last year is our library. The building ____________ is our library. built last year

The patient ____________now is his friend. The patient_____________next is waiting outside The patient_________yesterday has gone. being examined to be examined examined The building being built now is our new library. built last year built last year to be built next year to be built next year compare:

1. Julia stepped back appearing surprised. 二. The –ing form used as Adverbial 状语 = Julia stepped back and she appeared surprised. 2. She sat at the desk and did her homework. = She sat at the desk ____________________. doing her homework 3.He sat on the sofa, watching TV. = He sat on the sofa and watched TV. = He stood and leaned against the wall. 4.He stood leaning against the wall.

1)(When) hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 2)She sat there, preparing a long report. 3)The teacher explained the word using some pictures. 4) Not knowing much English, I found it hard to understand him. 5)Thinking again, you will find a way. 6)They can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only the bones. 结果 伴随 原因 方式 条件 （一） V-ing form 做状语的类型： ( 时间, 可以在分词前保留 when )

（二） V-ing 做状语注意要项： 1)_______ from the top of the hill, he found the school more beautiful. (see) 2)_______from the top of the hill, the school looks like a garden. (see)Seeing Seen 1. 非谓语动词的逻辑主语 有一条原则必须遵守 : 非谓语动词的逻辑主语 应当与句子的主语一致.

1) 这位妇女坐在椅子上, 看着电视. The woman sat in the chair _________ TV. 2) 这位妇女坐在椅子上, 一群小孩围着她. The woman sat in the chair ____________ by a group of children. watching surrounded 3) Finding her car stolen,. A. policeman was asked to help A. policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help D. she hurried to a policeman for help

Not being a clever student, he works hard. 2. not 的位置 1) 由于不是一个很聪明的学生, 他学习很努力. 2) his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known 解析：答案为 A 。 Not knowing 现在分词作原因状语。 分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。

3. doing 和 having done 1) When I was walking in the street, I came into an old friend of mine. an old friend of mine. = (When) walking in the street, I came into an old friend of mine. friend of mine. 2) He fell asleep while he was doing homework. = Doing homework, he fell asleep 3) After she finished her work, she went home. = Having finished her work, she went home. 如果 V-ing 所表示的动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，应用 having done 。

Ex: 1) ___such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. suffered C. To suffer D. suffered 2) ____ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 解析 2 ：分词的逻辑主语是 he, he 和 receive 之间存在主动关系, 故用现在分词作原因状语。没有收到回复的动作发生在 decided to write again 动作之前，故现在分词用完形式。

1) When he walked into the room, his head hit the door. = He walking into the room, his head hit the door. = He walking into the room, his head hit the door. 2) If the flowers were given more water, we would find the flowers grow well. the flowers grow well. = The flowers given more water, we would find them grow well. grow well. 3) If time permits, we'll do another two exercises. = Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 4. 有时 V-ing 前可有一个名词或代词表示他逻辑上的主语， 这种带逻辑主语的 V-ing 称为独立主格： 这种带逻辑主语的 V-ing 称为独立主格：

1) Judging from his appearance, he must be an actor. 2)While waiting for a bus, a small stone hit me on the head 3)Judging from his accent, he must be from the South. 5. V-ing 形式作状语，与主句主语应保持一致. √ 例外情况： judging by/from ( 根据 … 来判断） generally speaking ( 一般来说 ) generally speaking ( 一般来说 ) considering( 考虑到 ) considering( 考虑到 ) 判断正误： √ × I was hit by a small stone

1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful. 5. “ Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. on the wall. 6. Knocking at the door before entering, please. 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world. 单句改错 : Not having working Seeing speaking pointing Knock making

1. The stranger said something in a ______ voice and the little girl was very much ________ A. frightening, frightened A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightened D. frightened, frightened Choose the best answer: 2. ________the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining C. Repairing D. Examining

3. Mother caught the boy ______ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking 4. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.. another 2 weeks.. A. Not completing B. Not completed A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed 5. “We can’t go out in this weather”, said Bob, ____ out of the window. out of the window. A. looking B. to look A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked C. looked D. having looked

6. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ___ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 7. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting C. to put D. putting

8. ______in the queue for half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 9. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 10. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken

11.The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 12.“Can’t you read?” Mary said__ __ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 13. European foot ball is played in 80 countries, ____it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make