Monday, April 20th, 2015 Pg. 130 RTW: Do you remember the phylum Cnidaria? If so, what creatures does it have? Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Echinodermata. Agenda: Foldable Echinodermata need to send me quiz for approval Homework: Fish Food Project

Marine Science Phylum Foldable

To create the foldable 4 sheets of long paper Stack them so they form layers (see mine) Fold in the center and staple on the upper left and upper right (see mine) Labeling: Title: Phylum Review Flaps: 1. Porifera 5. Mollusca 2. Arthropoda 6. Chordata 3. Echinodermata 7. Chordata 4. Cnidaria

In each flap Note: 6. Chordata Class Reptilia / Class Aves 7. Chordata Class Mammalia / Class Actinopterygii (osteichthyes) / Class Chondrichthyes Top Half: Examples Bottom Half: General Characteristics Diagram Reproduction

Foldable Cnidarian Information 1. Examples: Jellyfish, corals, Man-o-War, box jellies. Classes: Class Hydrozoa Class Scyphozoa Class Anthozoa Class Cubozoa Reproduction: Sexual and asexual (budding)

Jellyfish Life Cycle

Foldable Cnidarian Information General characteristics: Have stingers with nematocysts No eyes, heart, lungs or nervous system (can detect light changes) Radially symmetrical Carnivores Diagram: Draw an example of each of the following: Hydrozoan, Scyphozoan, Cubozoan, Anthrozoan

Pg. 130 RTW: What is one characteristic of Cnidarians? Tuesday, April 21st, 2015 Pg. 130 RTW: What is one characteristic of Cnidarians? Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Echinodermata. Agenda: Echinodermata foldable & notes Echinodermata group be ready to present tomorrow! Porifera group send digital documents by today! Homework: Fish Food Project

Echinoderm Foldable Examples: Class Asteroidea: sea stars Subclass Ophiuroidea: brittle stars Class Echinodea: sea urchin and sand dollars Class Holothuroidea: sea cucumbers Class Crinoidea: feather stars, sea lilies

Echinoderm Foldable General Characteristics: (Most) Have a water vascular system for movement. Tube feet for attachment & locomotion One-way digestion : separate mouth and anus Skin covered in bumps External fertilization Some have the ability to regenerate

Echinoderm Foldable Diagrams: Draw an example of each of the classes. Reproduction: Sexual and fertilization happens externally.

Echinoderms Phylum Echinodermata

Include sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers

Have radial symmetry based on 5 parts (similar parts surrounding central axis) Planktonic larvae has bilateral symmetry Considered to have oral/aboral sides, NOT dorsal/ventral

Body Structure Have a water vascular system-water filled canals Tube feet-muscular extensions of these canals usually end in suckers used for attachment & locomotion

Ampullae-muscular sacs that sometimes fill tube feet with water Madreporite-connects vascular system to outside on aboral (top) surface Also has gonads & digestive system No heart, brain or eyes

Complete digestive tract-stomach, digestive gland & anus Endoskeleton-covered by a thin layer of tissue Surface covered with bumps & spines giving them their name-”spiny skinned” (echinodermata)

Five classes 1)sea stars 2)brittle stars Class: Asteroidea Subclass:Ophiuroidea

3)sea urchins & sand dollars Class: Echinoidea 4)sea cucumbers Class: Holothuroidea 3)sea urchins & sand dollars Class: Echinoidea http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSA09qg2BMY&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

5)feather stars & sea lilies Crinoidea

Sea stars (starfish) 5 arms to 50 Most are predatory- bivalves, snails, barnacle, etc.

Sunflower Star http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALaMoS_vvNE&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Cushion Star

Brittle Stars Arms very long & flexible -tube feet lack suckers Eat particles of organic matter passed from feet to mouth More species than any other group of echinoderms

Basket Star (Brittle Star)

Brittle Stars

Sea Urchins & Sand Dollars Filter feed on drifting plant/animals Deposit feeders that live on bottoms using tube feet lined with mucus to pick up particles

Sea Urchins

Sand Dollars

Sea Cucumbers Wormlike, lack spines Tube feet around mouth reach out and pick up organic material Escapes by ejecting digestive system distracting predators

http://www. youtube. com/watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCxKFc3XtJs&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/kids/animals-pets-kids/invertebrates-kids/sea-cucumber-kids/ Sea Cucumber

Feather stars & Sea lilies 5 to 200 arms due to the branching Mucus helps in catching food Some attach to bottom, some crawl on surfaces in shallow to deep water

Sea Lilies (with Stalks) Feather Stars (no Stalks http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7V_px48dob8&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active Sea Lilies (with Stalks)

Biology Sexes are separate in most echinoderms External fertilization Spawning occurs at once to increase survival

Echinoderms can use regeneration to replace missing parts In some sea stars a severed arm can grow into a complete individual http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rE8l-KFQlhY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Wednesday, April 22nd, 2015 No RTW (HAPPY EARTH DAY!): Echinodermata group be ready to present when the bell rings! Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Echinodermata. Agenda: Echinodermata group’s presentation! Homework: Fish Food Project

Pg. 130 RTW: What is one thing you learned about echinodermata? Thursday, April 23rd , 2015 Pg. 130 RTW: What is one thing you learned about echinodermata? Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Porifera. Agenda: Porifera Foldable & Notes Porifera/Annelida group be ready to present tomorrow! Homework: Fish Food Project

Porifera Foldable Information Examples: Variety of shapes, colors and sizes Oldest known animal fossils General Characteristics: Sessile Filter feeders Lack nervous system and organs Wide variety of habitats: fresh, salt, cold or warm water.

Porifera Foldable Diagram and Label: Reproduction: Sexual and Asexual (including self fertilization)

Sponges phylum Porifera

Sponges are one of the oldest known animal fossils Variety of colors & shapes Lack nervous system & organs

Feeding & Diet Sessile Sponges receive food & oxygen by water passing through its pores The sponge can control the amount of water by constricting or dilating its pores Bacteria is filtered from the water for food

A non-toxic yellow dye has been squirted around the base of a purple tube sponge in the Caribbean. The dye is pumped out through the osculum at the top of the sponge.

Ostia- small pores where water/food enters the sponge Osculum- Large hole where water & waste exits Collar cells- traps, ingests & digests food Amebocytes- transport to cells Because the cells of the sponge are in direct contact with the water gas exchange occurs across cell membrane as the water flow through the sponge. In O2 - Out CO2

Flagella-beat water causing it to flow in & out of sponge                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Flagella-beat water causing it to flow in & out of sponge Amebocytes- helps in digestion

Sexual Reproduction Sponges may be male or female or have both organs By releasing egg/sperm at different times it inhibits self fertilization Adult sponges release sperm into water to be taken up by sponges for fertilization

Spawning Sponge

New sponges may develop if a piece of the sponge breaks off- Regeneration (Asexual) 1938- Key West Sponge Capital Of the World

In the 1900’s thousands were employed to harvest the bath sponge for commercial use Now synthetic sponges have replaced natural sponges Sponges are found in a variety of habitats Fresh/salt water Cold/tropical waters May be composed of hard calcium carbonate or silica Or spongin, elastic framework of protein fibers

Marine Worms Phylum: Annelida

Characteristics of Marine Worms Have nephridia (water regulating tubule) as part of the excretory system, a heart, and sometimes jaws. They show metamerism (division of body in repeating blocks or segments)

Special Attributes More than 15,000 species! Most of the marine worms are in the Class Polychaeta including: Tubeworms Bristleworms Spongeworms Fireworms

Friday, April 24th , 2015 NO RTW: Porifera/Annelida group be ready to present when the bell rings! Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Porifera. Agenda: Porifera/Annelida group’s presentation Arthropoda group send digital documents by today! Homework: Fish Food Project