Greece

Vocabulary Tyrant-a person who takes power by force & rules with total authority. A “harsh oppressive ruler” Colony-Settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland Socrates- Invented Socratic method. He asked questions to force students to use their reasoning. Plato - Socrates’ student. He did not feel democracy is how you should run government. He thought philosophers should run gov’t. Aristotle- He was a student of Plato’s. Plato taught him the “golden mean”. The golden mean = do nothing in excess

Vocab cont... Parthenon-temple built to celebrate their goddess Athena in Athens City-State - Town/city & surrounding countryside, independent area Polis-Greek word meaning city-state Democracy - a government where all citizens share in running the government (Athens) Oligarchy- a government where few people hold power (Sparta)

Copy page 155 into your comp book gods and goddesses

Greek Culture Mythology-Greeks believed that Gods/Goddesses controlled nature and they lived on Mt. Olympus (highest mountain in Greece). The main god was Zeus-ruled the sky Poetry & Fables Homer-(700 BC) wrote epics -ILLiad - about the Trojan Horse Odyssey Aesop (slave) wrote fables (have a moral point) -Tortoise & Hare “slow and steady wins the race” -Wolf in sheep’s clothing “appearances are often deceiving”

Culture cont... Drama comedy-ends happily Tragedy-ends unhappily Arts/Architecture made murals and columns (3 types-leave space) no picture-leave space

Philosophers-love of wisdom; studied history, political science, science, & math 1.) Pythagoras- he believed the universe followed the same laws that govern music & numbers. 2.) Sophists- a group of people who believe there is no right or wrong. We should use knowledge to improve ourselves. 3.) Socrates-invented socratic method (teacher asks a question to force the student to use their reasoning-still used today) 4.) Plato-A student of Socrates. He did not feel democracy is how you should run government, philosophers should run gov’t 5.) Aristotle-Plato’s student “GOLDEN MEAN” do nothing in excess

1st Civilizations in Greece Greece was divided into independent polis’ because of mountains and seas Minoans 2000 B.C. worshipped earth mother, used sun and stars to navigate sea Mycenaeans B.C. - They built a city on a hill -At the top was a palace, and on the side of the hill were estates. - The nobles owned farms. The nobles had slave farmers. -The government kept track of everyone’s wealth and made them pay taxes with honey and livestock. In 700 B.C.E. there was a boom in population, so many people moved out to form colonies, and became specialists.

Sparta Oligarchy-few people rule (2 kings and 28 citizens) *Boys at age 7 had to go into training. They were treated badly to make them tough. *Age they joined the Military You Win or you Die “I would rather be carried back on my shield than lose the fight” *Sparta focused on their army, and not on trade. Athens At age 18, boys finished school & became citizens Direct Democracy- people gathered in mass meetings to handle government matters people attended every 10 days. 500 members of the council were chosen by lottery.

Persian Empire Cyrus the great-Darius-Xerxes (persian kings) when they conquered they were very nice, believed in 1 god would triumph evil BATTLE OF MARATHON-Athens had men and persian had men. Persians waited for Athens to attack, they figured that they were not coming so they loaded their ships to go to another side (sent strongest on ship first -men on horses), once the strongest were on board Athens attacked, Athens won. A messenger ran back to Athens -26 miles- and collapsed, his final words were “VICTORY”

Alexander The Great Conquered Persian empire and spread Greek culture throughout southwest Asia He was a brave reckless warrior. He rode into battle ahead of his men. *He built the great trade city Alexandria. *He conquered Persia in 334 B.C. Phillip II 400 B.C. King of Macedonia, was from Greece but lived in Macedonia. He admired Greeks but he still conquered each city-state either by force or persuasion. Once he conquered all of Greece he went to attack Persia. Phillip II was murdered but his son Alexander took over (he was 20 years old and he died at 32)