FRAMING, COGNITIVE BIAS AND EMOTIONS. How you frame an issue is very much a process of communication- both sending and receiving.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Luc Lefebvre Advanced aspects of advertising campaign aimed at content network.
Advertisements

Communications Why communicate?
1.02 Factors that affect communication 1.02 Factors that affect communication.
Communication systems
N Communicating in Organizations –Communicating among people –Organizational communication –Managing organizational communications.
Communication skills Among personal qualities possessed by college graduates the ability to communicate effectively was ranked first by employers. From.
Communication: Organisation and Innovation Lecturer’s Guide © Pearson Education New Zealand 2005 Business Communication Lecture 3 By David LIN
Barriers to Communication
Discussing Conflict Resolution Anger Management
6-1 McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved CHAPTER SIX Communication.
Week 8. ~ The process by which people organize and interpret the environment ~ StimulusBehavior Perception.
By: Cherry Dale D. Daumar
Chapter 2 Perception. Perception is Important Differences in perception are widespread Not all differences are of equal importance Not everyone’s perceptions.
1 Communication Skills. 2 Concepts Words Mean Different Things to Different People. The Initiation of a Message Provides No Assurance It Has Been Received.
What is communication? What are the issues in interpersonal communication? What is the nature of communication in organizations? How can we build more.
Ch. 1 Human Communication: What and Why Types of communication  Intrapersonal  Interpersonal  Small Group  Public  Mass communication.
1 Social Perceptions Inter-Act, 13 th Edition Chapter 2.
COMMUNICATION DYNAMICS AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
Marriage and Family Life Unit 1: Communicating With Others.
Chapter 11 Communication
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S E L E V E N T H E D I T I O N W W W. P R E N H A L L. C O M / R O B B I N S © 2005 Prentice Hall.
2.Understanding Business Communication
COMMUNICATION MODEL The way we Communicate What is Communication? The process of sending and reviewing messages to share meanings.
Emotional Intelligence (EQ) and Conflict Management
Effective Communication Objectives:   Identify the components of effective communications   Organize information needed to complete a task   Compare.
Communication.
© Prentice Hall, 2008 Business Communication Today, 9eChapter Achieving Success Through Effective Business Communication.
Communication.
Communicating Effectively
Chapter 10, Stephen P. Robbins, Mary Coulter, and Nancy Langton, Management, Ninth Canadian Edition Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education Canada 10-6 Exhibit.
Chapter 13 COMMUNICATION. CHAPTER 13 Communication Copyright © 2002 Prentice-Hall Communication The sharing of information between two or more individuals.
COMMUNICATING. ALL EMPLOYEES REQUIRE TECHNICAL AND INTERPERSONAL SKILLS.
Module 5 Section 3: Communication. Learning Outcomes Learn why communication is important to managers Describe the communication process Learn to overcome.
Effective communication  Occurs when the intended meanings of the sender and the perceived meaning of the receiver are the same. Efficient communication.
Communication, Conflict and Negotiation
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLs Communication Why Communication is Important ?
1.02 Factors that affect communication 1.02 Factors that affect communication.
Barriers to Communication
The Communication Process
CHAPTER FIVE Perception, Cognition, and Emotion McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Perception, Cognition, and Emotion in Negotiation
© Bahaudin G. Mujtaba Cross Cultural Management and Negotiation Practices Dr. Bahaudin G. Mujtaba Chapter 14 – Communication: Listening to Understand.
Soft Skills Unit. What Is Communication? Communication Transfer and understanding of meaning. Transfer means the message was received in a form that can.
MODULE 17 COMMUNICATION “Listening can be the key to understanding” What is communication and when is it effective? How can we improve communication with.
Perception, Cognition & Emotion
Developing Communication Skills
Improving Communication Unit 3: Management Challenges.
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? MIXED MEDIA TECHNOLOGY 8 TH GR HOLDEN.
PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie Cook Copyright © 2005 South-Western. All rights reserved. Chapter 12 Interpersonal and Organizational Communication.
Perception, Cognition, and Emotion
Perception, Cognition, and Emotion McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 14 Communicating in Organizations © 2015 YOLO Learning Solutions.
Effective Communication In Projects and Anywhere.
Robbins et al., Fundamentals of Management, 4th Canadian Edition ©2005 Pearson Education Canada, Inc. 1 Chapter 3 Communication and Interpersonal Skills.
1.02 Factors that affect communication 1.02 Factors that affect communication.
15-1 Communication Importance of Good Communication Good Communication allows a firm to Learn new skills and technologies. Become more responsive.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter Achieving Success Through Effective Business Communication.
CHAPTER FIVE Perception, Cognition and Communication.
1 CM 115 Unit 1 seminar. 2 Agenda Welcome and introductions Review of course syllabus and expectations Questions? Seminar questions 1. How will studying.
Communication and Interpersonal Skills Summer Business Institute Villanova School of Business.
Barriers to Communication
Barriers to Communication
International Business Negotiation
Chapter 15: Communication
NEGOTIATION SEVENTH EDITION
The communication process model
Chapter 15: Communication
Communication.
Chapter 10 Communication.
Interpersonal Communication
Presentation transcript:

FRAMING, COGNITIVE BIAS AND EMOTIONS

How you frame an issue is very much a process of communication- both sending and receiving

Factors affecting how a message is encoded or decoded 1.Skill= your writing, speaking, reading and listening skills. 2.Knowledge= the amount of knowledge the sender and receiver have about the subject. 3.Attitudes= the feelings of the sender and receiver towards each other. ( perceptual distortion) 4.Culture=1. Your position in the social culture system, status and hierarchy and 2. Actual differences in culture and/or language both effect the way people interpret communication

Perceptual Distortion Stereotyping Halo effects-generalization about a variety of attributes based on knowledge of one attribute Selective perception i.e. you hear what you ‘want’ to hear. ‘Is it a smile or, a smirk?’ Projection- you project how you might feel in a similar position on to the opponent who may not feel that way at all!

CHANNELS The medium through which a message travels Marshall McLuhan: “The medium is the message” It is selected by the source who must determine which channel is formal and which informal. Messages can be distorted if the selected channel has a high ‘noise’ level Communication apprehension, 5%-20%

CHANNELS VARY IN THEIR RICHNESS Channel richness is the amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode. Richness is a channel’s ability to; – 1. handle multiple cues simultaneously – 2. facilitate rapid feedback – 3. be very personal Face to face is the richest

THE PHYSICAL ESSENTIALS OF MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION 1.A well functioning brain 2.Expertise and know how 3.Keen eyes and ears 4.A voice well connected to 1 and 3

Barriers to effective communication 1.Filtering-the sender manipulates the information so the receiver will view it more favorably. Tell someone what they want to hear. The major determinants of filtering are; the number of levels in the organization’s structure. The more levels, the more potential for filtering.

Barriers to effective communication 2. Selective perception- – Receivers see and hear based on their needs, motivation, experience and other personal characteristics. 3. Defensiveness- when people are threatened they put up barriers to understanding. This means in anxiety producing situations you should use multiple communication channels.

Barriers to effective communication 4. Language. The same word may mean different things to different people. This is a function of age, experience and cultural background. Specialization of the work force is also a factor.

Framing “ A frame is the subjective mechanism through which people evaluate and make sense out of situations leading them to pursue or avoid subsequent actions.” “ Framing is about focusing, shaping and organizing the world around us.” “ Frames are important in negotiation because disputes are often nebulous and open to different interpretations.” » Lewicki, Saunders, Barry. Pg. 135

Frames “ Frames are critical...because how parties frame and define a negotiating issue or problem is a clear and strong reflection of what they define as central and critical to negotiating objectives, what their expectations and preferences are for certain possible outcomes, what information they seek and use to argue their case...and the manner in which they evaluate the outcomes actually achieved.” » Lewicki et al. Pg. 136

Frames are controllable If negotiators understand what frame they are using and what frame the other party is using, they may be able to shift the conversation toward the frame they would like the other to adopt. Certain frames are more likely than others to lead to certain types of processes and outcomes. For example, parties who are competitive are likely to have positive identity frames of themselves, negative characterization frames of each other and a preference for more win- lose processes of resolving disputes – Lewicki et al. Pg. 143

Emotions Frequently, emotion in conflict management is a self fulfilling prophesy. A negotiator’s own emotions can ‘determine’ the emotions of the other party and the nature of conflict resolution. i.e. angry negotiators are much less willing to work with each other and more likely to over-retaliate. Remember, it is much more difficult to not respond ‘in kind’ when confronted with negative emotions. The challenge remains trying to change or reframe the issue into one with integrative possibilities