Nanotechnology Manfred Scriba Materials Sciences and Manufacturing 27 October 2006
© CSIR Overview How small? Nanotechnology – definition Examples Approach to manufacture Tools Building blocks Applications International South Africa CSIR Activities
© CSIR Ant head 1mm Human hair 100um, nm Red blood cell 10um, nm DNA 4nm wide H 2 O Molecule 0.2nm How small?
© CSIR Nanotechnology “ Nanotechnology is concerned with materials and systems, whose structures and components exhibit novel and significantly improved physical, chemical and biological properties – and that enable the exploitation of novel phenomena and processes – due to their nanoscale size.” - National Nanotechnology Initiative, USA 2 examples
© CSIR mm 3 10 nm 3 in 1 mm 3 Dissolution time: 1 mm million years 1 nm seconds 1. Nanoparticles 1 : surface area
© CSIR Greatly IMPROVED: surface area (>800m 2 /gram) catalytic activity mechanical reinforcement magnetic properties (super-magnets) ductility and formability of ceramics luminescence of semiconductors waste reduction Nanoparticles 2
© CSIR Remarkable properties: Conduct better than Cu Behave like metals or semiconductor Heat transmission better than diamond Very strong (100x steel) 1/6 the weight 2. Carbon Nanotubes: Strength
© CSIR
Assemble Nano-parts Chemical Synthesis Vapour Deposition Sol-gel Pyrolysis Manipulators SELF ASSEMBLY ‘Sculpt’ from Bulk Lithography Etching Ion beam milling Ball milling Bottom Up / Top Down Approach to manufacture
© CSIR Characterisation SEM, AFM, STM TEM, XRD Nano-tweezers Lasers Focused Ion Beam Clean Rooms Tools Synthesis Chemical vapour deposition Plasma Sol-gel Laser ablation Reactor Chemical lab
© CSIR Fullerenes/nanotubes Nanoparticles Nanofibres Nanocomposites Layers/Films Nano-Dots/Wires Nano–Biotech Building Blocks
© CSIR Nanocomposites
© CSIR Biomimetics
© CSIR
INFORMATION
© CSIR Quantum Dots
© CSIR mm 3 Current: 1 Gigabyte Digital memory – capacity / cost Access – speed / ease Display – cost / size / flexibility
© CSIR ENERGY
© CSIR HEALTH 1
© CSIR Nanocapsules HEALTH 2
© CSIR AUTOMOTIVE
© CSIR COSMETIC
© CSIR Big R&D spending (2005) - Japan> $800m - W. Europe> $700m - USA > $800m - Other> $600m INTERNATIONAL
© CSIR
FOCUS: Social Water Energy Health Industry Materials Minerals and Mining Chemical and Bio- processing Strategy R420m (3years) - HRD - Equipment - Chairs - Flagship projects members (SA and International) South Africa
© CSIR Nanoscienece Research Group - CNT - Nanoparticles - Nanocomposites - Drug encapsulation - Dye solar cells (TiO2 nanoparticle) - Fuel cell membranes CSIR activities
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