Carbonaceous Adsorbents: Design, Fabrication and Application in Water Treatment Lunhong Ai Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University 2010.12.12

Contaminated Rivers and Lakers 2

Water treatment methods biological treatment coagulation/flocculation ion exchange Water Treatment membrane filtration adsorption advanced oxidation technology

Available adsorbents Carbonaceous materials Nanomaterials Biomass Functional polymer Biomass Adsorbent Clay Carbonaceous materials Nanomaterials Zeolites Available adsorbents

Carbonaceous materials for water treatment

L. Ai et al. / Chemical Engineering Journal 156 (2010) 243–249 1. Fabrication of activated carbon/CoFe2O4 composites and their application in water treatment (c) XRD SEM TEM AC/CFO CFO magnetic separation texture property (d) Samples BET-surface area (m2 g-1) Total pore volume (cm3 g-1) AC 909 0.47 AC/CFO 463 0.18 L. Ai et al. / Chemical Engineering Journal 156 (2010) 243–249

Removal of malachite green (MG) Effect of pH Effect of initial concentration regeneration Effect of contact time

2. Adsorption mechanism of methyl orange (MO) and basic fuchsin (BF) on AC/CFO L. Ai, et. al. / Desalination 262 (2010) 134–140

adsorption kinetics Adsorption kinetics pseudo-first-order model pseudo-second-order model Elovich model ※ adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model

Table 1 Kinetic parameters for adsorption of dyes on AC/CFO adsorption kinetics Table 1 Kinetic parameters for adsorption of dyes on AC/CFO Dye Pseudo-first-order Pseudo-second-order Elovich qe,exp (mg g-1) k1 (min-1) qe,cal R2 k2 (g mg-1 min-1) a b BF 49.88 0.067 6.83 0.9816 0.022 50.53 1 2.241 41.167 0.9624 MO 47.31 0.084 7.15 0.9372 0.026 47.94 0.9999 1.886 39.979 0.9531

Adsorption mechanisms intraparticle diffusion intraparticle diffusion surface adsorption surface adsorption intraparticle diffusion model ※ the adsorption process was controlled by surface adsorption (boundary-layer effect) and intraparticle diffusion.

adsorption mechanisms Boyd kinetic model was generally used to determine the actual rate-controlling step involved in the dye adsorption process. Boyd model ※ boundary-layer effect mainly governed the rate-limiting process of dye adsorption on AC/CFO

adsorption isotherms Adsorption isotherms Langmuir and Freundlich models ※ Dye adsorption behaviors onto AC/CFO could be better represented by the Langmuir model (R2 > 0.99) ※ Monolayer adsorption capacities of MO and BF determined from the Langmuir isotherm are 95.8 and 101.0 mg g−1, respectively

adsorption isotherms Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model For D-R model, the magnitude of E(mean fren energy) is useful for estimating the type of adsorption and if this value is between 8 and 16 kJ mol−1, the adsorption proceeds by surface adsorption. In this study, the E values for MO and BF are calculated to be 11.74 and 12.42 kJ mol−1.

Adsorption capacity (mg g-1) BF AC/CFO (in this study) 101.01 Table 3. Comparison of BF and MO adsorption capacities of various adsorbents Dye Adsorbents Adsorption capacity (mg g-1) BF AC/CFO (in this study) 101.01 Bottom ash 6.39 Deoiled soya 12.03 Jalshakti® 11.7 Industrial sludges 70.4 MO 95.78 Hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent 70.922 Banana peels 21 Orange peels 20.5 Activated Carbon 9.49 Modified sporopollenin 5.23 NH3+-MCM-41 366.57

Acknowledgement Financial support from the Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of China West Normal University (07B005).

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