2 ISS Expansion Utilizing Bigelow Modules Earth Station: Global ISS Marketing – Future of Human Spaceflight Krystal Puga

The current features and resources of the ISS need to be utilized to the fullest extent possible to maximize the international investments already made, and global investments being actively sought. ISS Features: 12 yrs of successful space operation Existing research laboratory for experiments in: Microgravity, medicine, physiology, physics, biology, etc… Estimated ISS Cost: $ Billion De-orbit timeframe: ISS life extended through 2020 and conceivably to 2025 or 2028

Assumptions: Concept execution is dependent on the use of existing or nearly completed technology with only minor updates Expected Execution Time Frame: Use Bigelow Inflatable space modules to expand the ISS. Two segments will be added: 1. ISS Commercial Test bed Segment Crew Habitat test bed for future space hotel designs 2. ISS National Lab Segment Dedicated Earth Observation & Hardware testing laboratory

BA 330 Specifications Crew6 Launch2014 or 2015 Mass23,000kg Length14 m (45 ft) Diameter6.7 m (22 ft) Pressurized Volume 330 m 3 (12,000 cu ft) High module maturity, availability for testing in 2014/2015 timeframe, & potential cost savings make BM a viable near term option High TRL: Genesis Model has two successful on-orbit demonstrations Interface Compatibility: Modules have been designed with both a Soyuz Docking System and the new NASA LIDS docking system Cost Comparison: $100M vs $500M* for Node 3 * Price Included US support of the Soyuz 2 Sundancer Specifications Crew3 Launch2014 or 2015 Mass8,618.4Kg Length8.7 m (28.5 ft) Diameter6.3 m (20.7 ft) Pressurized Volume 180 m 3 (6,357 cu ft)

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Insufficient/limited living space on the ISS TeSS (Temporary Sleep Stations) [1 station] Crew Quarters (CQs) [6 quarters] Previous efforts to add a dedicated habitat module, have been cancelled Habitation Module (HAB) (Program cancelled in 2002) ISS TransHAB (Proposed launch date was 2004) Crew Quarter TeSS HAB

9 Space Hotel based on the TransHab “ Out of this World: The New Field of Space Architecture

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MOMS-2P Spatial Resolution was 3X better than Landsat Low ISS Altitude resulted in an improved Spatial Resolution

Despite current efforts the ISS is not being fully utilized for Earth Remote Sensing Image of Aswan High Dam, Egypt. Nikon F5 camera, 35-mm film, 379 km altitude, calculated spatial resolution = 5.98m/pixel

Will utilize existing Cupola design Mounting structures will need to be designed to hold instruments Total possible cupola capacity = 42 instruments

15 Earth Remote Sensing Satellites Scientific Community ISS Earth Observation Lab can be linked to existing meteorological or EO S/C in GEO for enhanced data sets.

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MissionCostLaunch Year GEOEye -1$478.3M2008 GEOEye-2$ M2013 GOES I-M *$1,241 M EOS Aura*$707.6M2004 ICESat*$177M2003 CloudSat*$105M2006 LandSat TM (7)$ 800M1998 In cases where the ISS orbit limitations can be overcome it may be more economical to use the ISS as a instrument platform and avoid the high cost of a GEO Spacecraft * Cost estimates from Congressional Budget Office

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Earth Sensing and Space Environment Testing Laboratory Multi Sensor Interference (signal interference ) Contamination Control External Port, re-pressurization mechanism and operations Cupola configuration to ensure nadir pointing FOVs General Expansion Current ISS capability to accommodate additional modules Possible berthing locations Crew Habitation Test bed Optimal module configurations