Unit 2: All Biology is Chemistry Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006 Unit 2: All Biology is Chemistry Lesson 1: The Chemistry of Life

Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006 Drill 6 October 2011 What are little boys made of? “Snips and snails, and puppy dogs tails That's what little boys are made of !" What are little girls made of? "Sugar and spice and all things nice That's what little girls are made of!“ 19th century Mother Goose Rhyme Benjamin What substances are you really made of? Make a list.

Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006 Objectives At the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to: Define the term matter. Identify the 25 most common elements in living things and categorize them into major and trace groupings. Demonstrate how to find information about elements by using the periodic table.

Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006 Matter! Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Will this astronaut occupy the same space on the moon as he does on Earth? Will this astronaut weigh the same on the moon as he does on the Earth? Mass and weight are not the same. Obj. 1

Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006 Living Things Matter! All living things are made of matter. Elements are substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter. Can you give some examples of elements?

Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006 The Periodic Table Atomic Number 6 C 12.011 Chemical Symbol Atomic Mass

Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006 Majorly Elemental! There are about 25 elements that are essential to all life. To discover them do the following: Mr. Bromwell will give you a sheet listing the chemical symbols of the 25 elements essential to all life. First look up the names of each of the elements in the periodic table. Next, decide which elements belong to the eleven major elements in the human body. Then in the space provided, place the names of these elements in order from most abundant to least abundant in the body. When you have finished place your answers on the chalkboard.

The Elemental Body -- The Major Elements Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006 The Elemental Body -- The Major Elements A major element is any element that makes up more than 0.01% of your body mass. Rank Chemical Symbol Element % of human body* 1 O Oxygen 62 % 2 C Carbon 23 % 3 H Hydrogen 10 % 4 N Nitrogen 2.6 % 5 Ca Calcium 1.4 % 6 P Phosphorus 1.1 % 7 K Potassium 0.2 % 8 S Sulfur 9 Na Sodium 0.1% 10 Cl Chlorine 0.1 % 11 Mg Magnesium 0.02 % Obj. 2 * Based on an average 70 kg (154 lbs.) person

The Elemental Body -- The Trace Elements Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006 The Elemental Body -- The Trace Elements A trace element is any element that makes up less than 0.01% of your body mass, but is still critical to your health. Rank Chemical Symbol Element 12 Fe Iron 13 F Fluorine 14 Zn Zinc 15 Si Silicon 16 Cu Copper 17 I Iodine 18 Sn Tin Rank Chemical Symbol Element 19 B Boron 20 Se Selenium 21 Cr Chromium 22 Mn Manganese 23 Mo Molybdenum 24 Co Cobalt 25 V Vanadium

Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006 Homework Time to Research Research one of the trace elements from the previous table. Answer the following questions in a paragraph: What materials or chemicals in the body contain this element? From what foods might your body obtain this element? Why is this element essential (necessary) for the human body to function? This is the end point of the lesson on 10/3/2006. Students were rushed in many cases to finish the game and this homework was not properly scaffolded for the learner. Will need to bridge tomorrow with an drill activity and solicit answers that students were able to find.

Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006 Glossary – Part 1 matter – anything that occupies space and has mass mass – quantity of matter an object has element – a substance that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler substances atom – simplest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element compound – a substance containing atoms of two or more elements that are chemically combined in fixed proportions trace element – an element that makes up less than 0.01% of your body mass

Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006 Glossary – Part 2 organic compound – a compound that contains the element carbon orbitals – a three-dimensional region around a nucleus that indicates a probably location of an electron isotopes – atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons chemical bonds – attractive forces that hold atoms together

Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006 Works Cited Campbell, Neil A., Brad Williamson, and Robin J. Heyden. Biology: Exploring Life. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2004. Emsley, John. The Elements. 3rd. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Postlethwait, John H., and Janet L. Hopson. Modern Biology. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2006.