© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Policy Defined Radio and Professional Certification A Study of Developments in Wireless Technology and the International Association of Radio and Telecommunications Engineers (iNARTE) Prepared for B.E.A.R.S. Seminar at Baylor University November

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB  Better use of Spectrum  Spectrum Efficiency (b/s/Hz)  New spectrum management paradigm  International agreements including global circulation of terminals  Data load  Range  Security Technology Obstacles for Wireless  Interoperability  Quality of service (real-time)  Reliability (asynchronous)  Power consumption  Homologation  Technology migration  Cost

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB  Policy Defined Radio  Cognitive Radio  Adaptive Radio  Reconfigurable radio  Smart radio  Software Defined Radio  Fixed Function Devices  Ultra Wideband Technologies and Initiatives

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Spectrum management –“Command and Control” will not take us into the future –Legal and economic debate, should spectrum be treated as a property right? Is it better treated as a public commons, perhaps with use leasing? –Simulations show X improved use Network management –Improved quality of service –Adaptive assignment of resources –Use of ontologies (John get’s gold service) Focus Issues

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB The Spectrum Problem  RF spectrum is a limited resource.  Demand for wireless applications is exploding.  Using the current “command and control” methods of spectrum management we are running out of spectrum.  Some frequencies have special properties making the highly desirable for some applications.

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB All Spectrum Is Assigned, But…

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB … Most Spectrum Is Unused

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Spectrum Occupancy Study Goals Test Descriptions Spectrum Occupancy Measurements Methods to Extract Transmitter Parameters NYC report available:

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Measurement Location and Antennas Faraday cage used to reduce undesired collection equipment RF noise Location had excellent line-of-sight to NYC LPA antenna MHz Discone antenna MHz

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB High Utilization (Public Safety Band) High Bandwidth, Spread Spectrum Signal Upper Bound (Frequency Resolution 65 MHz/501=130 kHz/bin) 50% Duty Cycle is too High, 19% Utilization Measured Using Small Frequency Bins ( MHz) 17% Duty Cycle

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Low Utilization Band Less Than 1% Apparent Duty Cycle

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Mid-Level Utilization – TX Aux Band Mobile Video Links Upper Bound (Frequency Resolution 120 MHz/501=240 kHz/bin)

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Developing the Technology and System Concepts to Dynamically Access Available Spectrum Goal: Harvest and reuse spectrum in real time

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Dynamic spectrum access has been made possible by the convergence of new developments in: computer science, software engineering and radio engineers.

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB The Network Management Problem  Increasing expectations for quality of service.  Optimizing network performance.  In real-time.  Allow organizations to set their own priorities.  Selection among radio access technologies.  Context sensitive regulations.

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Policy-Based Controls Policy Framework –Implementations Must Fit With National And International Regulations –Algorithms Must be Adaptable Regional and operational situations Evolving policies Policy-Based “Metalanguage” –Translates Policy Rules Into Radio Behavior Controls –Decouples Technology From Regulatory Process –Control Operation Based on Policies and Situations –Use Semantic Web Technologies (DAML/OIL/OWL )

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Sense High Level Architecture System Strategy Reasoner Radio Platform Policy Reasoner Device Configuration System Policy Accredited Policy Transmit

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Concept of Operation Develop Request RF Resource Request Process Request Determine Opportunities Select Opportunities RF Transmit Plan Bound: Yes/No Unbound: Binding Constraints

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Principle of Policy Defined Radio Suitable for Range of Architectural Implementations –Centralized and decentralized Identify “Interference-Preventing” Core Set –Extensible to other features (subleasing, microcharging,...) Separate Policies From Engineering –Avoid advocacy for specific spectrum sharing policies Provide For Richness/Complexity of Policies –Regulations neither flat nor hierarchical Allow For Diversity of Policy Sources –Peer-Peer and hierarchical policy authorities –Enable extension to “cognitive” optimizing logic

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Levels of Policy Regulation Regional NationalNational Gov’tNon-Gov’t Agencies Commercial & Civil Owners DoDServices UnitUnitUserUserUserUserUser Interference Prevention Prevention QOS, Cost Optimization Policy Authority Policy Focus Focus Ontology-Based Policy Controls Enable Combining and Processing Rules From Multiple Authorities

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Core Theories of Innovation  Sustaining vs disruptive innovation  Value formula theory  Low end & new market disruption  Resources, processes and values theory  Value chain theory  Integration vs modularity

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Low End Disruption

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Sustaining or Disruptive?  Most innovations can be nurtured to be sustaining or disruptive.  Incumbents welcome sustaining innovations that solve their current problems or the problems of their current customers.  Incumbents resist or oppose innovations that are disruptive.

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Policy Defined Radio and iNARTE

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB What is iNARTE? iNARTE was established in 1982 as a result of Government deregulation. A Non-Profit Certifying body. Programs in: –Telecommunications –Wireless –EMC –ESD –Product Safety An FCC Commercial License Examiner iNARTE offers validated methodology for the identification and verification of Engineers and Technicians who are able to evidence competency, experience, appropriate education and training for a specified expertise. iNARTE has certified more than members in 26 countries

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Certification Criteria iNARTE Certification 1. Experience 2. Examination 3. References 4. Education

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB What is the value proposition? Who are the customers?  iNARTE offers a credible, 3 rd party opinion of competence in a specialized field.  Different people are looking for different things:  Documentation of training & knowledge.  Knowledge & experience.  Work readiness – knowledge, experience, judgment and character.

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Is a certification program viable?  A mature program will certify ~25% of the potential candidates.  It takes ~1000 certifications or a specialty with ~4000 full time practitioners to support a viable program.  How do you take a census of participants in an emerging field?  Established fields have known data sources  The participants are not yet in a new field

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB What is the body of knowledge?  A competent practitioner has command of the body of knowledge and experience in applying it.  In an emerging field the body of knowledge is rapidly changing!  What does experience mean when what you did yesterday may actually train you to do the wrong things tomorrow?

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB What organization holds the center of the body of knowledge?  Typically alliances are built with key organizations in a discipline and with the opinion leaders in the discipline.  The leaders in the field make sure that the test is current and adequately surveys the required knowledge.  What organization do you build an alliance with?

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Conclusions  Innovations:  Move the boundaries  Take organizations back to their core formulas  Challenge established business cases  Require new processes  The same organization can seldom mature an innovation as both sustaining and disruptive.  Sustaining innovations are best matured by focus and discipline.  Disruptive innovations are best matured by exploration, diversity and flexibility.

© Copyright 2008 TEM Consulting, LP - All Rights Reserved Presentation at Baylor Univ Rev 1 – 10/26/08 - HSB Conclusions  Wireless is changing in fundamental ways.  Innovations will be matured by some to be sustaining and by others to be disruptive of current business models.  Convergence is creating new technical specialties.