Bellwork: Homework for week of March 5 th – 9 th Mon. Good Luck! Tues. ISTEP Math/L. Arts Applied Skills Weds. ISTEP Writing Prompt Thurs. Recombinant DNA Pre-Lab Friday Modeling Recombinant DNA Lab

Chapter Intro-page 336 Learning Goals: Evaluate the importance of plant and animal breeding to humans. Summarize the steps used to engineer transgenic organisms. Analyze how mapping the human genome is benefitting human life.

13.1 Section Objectives – page 337 Predict the outcome of a test cross. Section Objectives: Evaluate the importance of plant and animal breeding to humans.

1.Evaluate the importance of plant and animal breeding to humans. 2.Summarize the steps used to engineer a transgenic organism

Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering

This genetically engineered plant Glows-in-the-Dark!

A genetically engineered mouse that can grow a human ear!

13-1 Applied Genetics Selective Breeding: Allowing only animals with desired traits to reproduce.

In 1947, an average milk cow produced 4997 pounds of milk per year. In 1997, 50 years later, an average milk cow produced pounds of milk per year Selective Breeding

Hybridization Crossing (reproducing) different individuals to bring together the best of both organisms Produce a Hybrid which are often hardier than parents.

Inbreeding Breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain these characteristics

Test Cross Cross of an individual with unknown genotype with an individual with known genotype Used to determine genotype

Summarize the steps used to engineer transgenic organisms. Learning Goal: Give examples of applications and benefits of genetic engineering.

13-2: Recombinant DNA Technology 1. DNA Extraction – taking DNA out of the cell 2. Restriction enzymes: are special enzymes that cut DNA in specific locations 3. Gel electrophoresis: DNA is separated and analyzed Some tools we use to change DNA: Scientists use our knowledge of DNA to study and change it! Genetic Engineering: making changes in the DNA of living organisms

4. PCR (polymerase chain reaction): making COPIES of a particular gene that is CUT (by restriction enzymes) out of the original DNA PCR animationPCR animation 5. Cutting and Pasting: we can make new DNA by combining DNA from different sources  this is called Recombinant DNA Description: DNA polymerase (blue) makes many copies of DNA (red) in a cycle of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Section 13.2 Summary – pages What is…? 1. recombinant DNA 2. transgenic organism 3. restriction enzyme 4. plasmid What is…? 1. recombinant DNA 2. transgenic organism 3. restriction enzyme 4. plasmid Cleavage Cut Insertion

DNA Fragments

Plasmid Plasmids are circular DNA molecules that are separate from the chromosomal DNA. They usually occur in bacteria

Action of Restriction Enzyme

Foreign DNA into Plasmid

Gel Electrophoresis DNAUnique pattern created by the movement of the DNA through the gel- can identify an individual

DNA Fingerprinting Help Jimmy Sweet solve his candy mystery! Who did it? Click to Solve

DNA Fingerprinting: Who did it

Transformation – a cell takes & incorporates DNA from outside into its own DNA

Steps to Transforming Bacteria 1. Take the gene of interest out of the DNA from a human cell 2. Cut it out using restriction enzymes (act like scissors!!) 3. You are left with your “gene of interest” 4. Take a plasmid (ring of DNA) out of a bacterial cell, cut it with restriction enzymes. 5. Place the gene of interest in the plasmid, making a ring again 6. Put this ring back into a bacteria and let it reproduce!!

When the same sequence of bases is found on both DNA strands, but in opposite orders, it is called a

Transforming Plant Cells A bacterium inserts a DNA plasmid into plant cells to create new unique plants Ex. Plants resistant to pesticides

Transforming Animal Cells DNA is injected into the nucleus of an egg. As the embryo grows the new DNA will be reproduced

Today’s Goal: Analyze how genetic engineering and mapping the human genome will benefit future generations. Many scientists consider genetic engineering to be simply an effective method of selective breeding. Explain.

Today’s Goal: Analyze how genetic engineering and mapping the human genome will benefit future generations. Gel Electrophoresis PCR- Polymerase Chain Reaction

Biotechnology New technology has created a new field of study: Biotechnology We can create transgenic organisms – that contain genes from other organisms Glowing bumblebee: Modified Piglets!

Transgenic Animals Have been used to study genes and improve the food supply  Research is under way where goats could be modified to produce spider silk proteins in their milk that could be used in the production of medical sutures and bullet-proof vests

Transgenic Plants Modified plants are important in our food supply! 25% of all corn grown in US in genetically modified Ex. They have natural insecticides, resist herbicides, vitamins 86%

Recombinant DNA DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources.  Genetically engineered cells contain recombinant DNA Firefly gene + tobacco plant = glowing tobacco plant!

Cloning: creating genetically identical individuals

Cloning Mimi Click and Clone! Genetic Science Learning Center, "Permissions Policy," Learn.Genetics, 29 April 2009, (29 April 2009)

13.3- Human Genome Project When: Began in 1990, finished in 2003 Cost: approx. $3 billion What: Sequenced the human genome (all 24 chromosomes) Why: To help understand our DNA Fun fact:  The order of almost all (99.9%) nucleotide bases is exactly the same in all people

Applications of Biotechnology TechnologyExampleBenefit Selective Breeding Recombinant DNA in medicine In agriculture Gel Electrophoresis DNA Fingerprint Human Genome Gene therapy

Applications of Biotechnology TechnologyExampleBenefit Selective Breeding Recombinant DNA in medicine In agriculture Gel Electrophoresis DNA Fingerprint Human Genome Gene therapy Complete the following data table to review the benefits of Biotechnology

NameMy pts Pts Poss.Tot “My Pts” TPP Grade 7 Ch 12 Reading Guide Ch 12 Genetics Test Goal: Evaluate the importance of plant and animal breeding to humans.

Today’s Goal: Describe the effect selective breeding will have on the human population. Place Selective Breeding lab in the collection folder. What is selective breeding?

What effect might selective breeding of plants and animals have on the size of Earth’s human population? Why? 1.

2. Using the corn experiment, explain what happened to farmers crops after many years of only choosing the best seeds? Why would you want to use selective breeding?

3. Using David O Conover’s fish experiment, compare and contrast the tanks that had fish getting smaller vs. larger? How does this explain selective breeding?

4. Selective breeding has many benefits but is not without problems. Create a T-chart of the pros and cons of selective breeding. ProCon

1. Become familiar 2. Model Recombinant DNA 3. Review and give examples of applications via 13.2 Guided Notes Summary:

NameMy pts Pts Poss. Tot “My Pts” TPP Grade 10Selective Breeding Lab Today’s Goal: Give examples of applications and benefits of genetic engineering.

Relate the steps of producing recombinant DNA to the activities of the modeling procedure by explaining how the terms relate to the model TermLab Model Gene insertion Plasmid Restriction Enzyme Sticky ends Recombinant DNA Create the following Data Table Taping Green and Red together Green Paper Scissors Cut ends on Paper Red and Green taped together

Biology Homework for week of April Mon Model Lab Analysis Ex. Credit due Weds Tues Review Recombinant DNA Weds Applying Genetic Technology Review Th Ch. 13 Test Fri No School-Good Friday