Getting Technical - Linking UKSG Serials Resource Management for 21 st Century Getting Technical - Linking Robert Bley Ex Libris UK Ltd.

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 2 Jargonbusting agenda! The basics of the web Linking D.I.Y. DOI & CrossRef OpenURL Searching NISO Metasearch (Not too much on) authentication! Open Archives Initiative – ‘e-prints’ Usage statistics Electronic Resource Management The future…(!)

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 3 How does the Web work? 3 simple protocols: Data Formats HTML (HyperText Markup Language) provides the data format for documents Addressing URLs (Uniform Resource Locator) provides an addressing mechanism for web resources Transport HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) defines transfer of resources between client and server Data Format HTML Addressing URL Transport HTTP (currently) Brian Kelly, Web-Focus, UKOLN

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 4 The Netsoft home page 1User clicks on link to the address (URL) 2Browser converts link to HTTP command (METHOD): Connect to computer at GET /hello.html 3Remote computer sends file Welcome.. Welcome to Netsoft Welcome to Netsoft 4Local computer displays HTML file Web Browser Web server How does the Web work?

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 5 Other key jargon HTML – Hypertext Markup Language. A document format that allows text to be interpreted by web browsers (Internet Explorer etc) as web pages - e.g.

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7 Other key jargon XML - Extensible Markup Language - allows creators of web documents to define their own customized tags for defining and transmitting data between applications and/or organizations

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 8 Other key jargon SOAP - Simple Object Access Protocol. An XML- based protocol for information exchange “Web services” - describes a standardized way of integrating Web applications. XML is used to tag the data, SOAP is used to transfer the data

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 9 Other key jargon… ONIX for Serials - a collection of XML format standards for (among many other things!) communicating electronic serials holdings details using XML. (See

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 10 Linking Mechanisms URL-based include: explicit filename derived filename, e.g. ISSN, SICI script, e.g. abstract&issn= &volume=077&issue=08&page=2302

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UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 13 Linking Mechanisms The Digital Object Identifier (DOI): A unique identifier assigned to a digital object. A way of accessing an object (e.g. a full text article) without having to know its URL - the DOI identifies the object itself, not the place where it is stored. Persistent - as long as the object exists, so does the DOI.

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 14 DOI: Dumb Old Identifier “Dumb” number - doesn’t relate to the object, couldn’t be guessed – similar idea to a phone number /1A3X-56BZ9 Prefix - given to the rights owner e.g. the publisher Suffix - any unique alphanumeric string e.g /jbc.M

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 15 CrossRef/DOI resolution References Metadata DOI DOI link URL to Publisher DOI

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 16 OpenURL (ANSI/NISO Z39.88) Pat Harris, Executive Director of NISO: "One message we hear is that the new business model will be enabled by information technology with standards at the core. This is where NISO fits in. …over five hundred years ago Guttenberg fundamentally changed communication and learning. Today NISO's challenge is to create those standards that will enable the modern day Guttenburg Moment. Could it be the OpenURL?"

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 17 OpenURL format ::= Base URL ? Query Base-URL = web address of the link resolver i.e. the address to which the OpenURL is being sent &volume=12&issue=3&spage=1&epage=8 &date=1998&aulast=Smith&aufirst=Paul Query = the metadata that the link resolver uses to identify and link to appropriate targets

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 18 Traditional linking – the old way

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 19 Smart linking with the OpenURL &volume=12&issue=3&spage=1&epage=8&date=1998 &aulast=Smith&aufirst=Paul (e.g. OPAC or A&I database) (e.g.full text or pay-per-view etc)

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 20 A & I resource as link source… TargetSource Menu

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 21 E-journal reference as link source

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UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 23 Searching Huge array of library resources – different interfaces and different search syntaxes Libraries act as “gatekeepers” to these resources One method – simple library web page listing those resources

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 24 One answer?

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 25 metasearching = federated searching = cross database searching = parallel searching = broadcast searching = integrated searching Query form ? Diverse information resources Another answer: Cross-resource searching?

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 26 Cross-resource searching - standards Z39.50 – Old (pre-web) US standard for bibliographic information retrieval - defining a standard way for two computers to communicate and share information. Still the most commonly standard used by library system OPACs, publishers and database providers etc. ZING – Z39.50 Next Generation. Has produced two standards: SRU and SRW are similar protocols SRU (“search & retrieve URL”) is done as a basic HTTP request (it can be in the format of a URL) whereas the search in SRW (“search & retrieve web”) is sent as an XML document wrapped in SOAP. NISO Metasearch initiative

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 27 A few words about the dark art of authentication! Distinction between - authentication (publishers (etc.) asking “are you who you say you are”)…and… - authorization (publishers (etc.) asking “what are you entitled to access, now that we know who you are?”) Most publishers have “IP authentication” Every address on the Internet has a numeric equivalent – e.g = An institution may “own” a range – e.g x Publishers may register a range or individual workstation addresses Numeric to alphabetic lookup available at bin/whois? bin/whois Drawbacks for off-campus users, mean alternative password-based solutions exist – e.g. Athens Other options = Proxy address (legal “IP spoofing”!) and Shibboleth

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 28 Getting technical Pig courtesy of Tom Bishop, Royal College of Surgeons All sorted then?

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 29 The Open Archives Initiative 1999 Universal Preprint Service (UPS) Multi-disciplinary collection of technical reports, conference papers, articles, e-print servers, etc. Services provided on “harvested metadata” Data Providers / Service Providers Not ‘Cross-Searching’ OAI is only about metadata – not full text OAI is neutral about nature of metadata and the resources described

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 30 OAI - Protocol for Metadata Harvesting Simple mechanism for sharing metadata records Records shared over the web (ie HTTP as XML) ‘Client’ can ask metadata server for all records all records modified in last ‘n’ days info about sets, formats, etc. Specific application: self-archiving via e-print servers in/for all institutions “SHERPA” – UK project -

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 31 Consistent, Credible & Compatible Usage Statistics Code of Practice for: Data elements to be measured Definitions of these data elements Output report formats/delivery/frequency/granularity Methods for measurement and use AAP, ALPSP, ARL, ASA, EDItEUR, JISC, NCLIS, NISO, PA, STM, UKSG

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! member organisations Code of Practice Jnls & Dbs Rel 1 Over 30 vendors compliant (in part) Developing Auditing standards & processes XML DTD for Usage Reports developed Release 2 consultation – due early 2005 Code of Practice eBooks & eReference

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 33 Electronic Resouces Management - ERM Basic ERM Data Elements Descriptive: Title fields, holdings, publisher, and ISSN Licensing: Authorized users, archiving rights, and cancellation allowances Financial: Price and inflation rate Administrative & Support: Administrative password and vendor contact information. Access: Authorization method and local access URI Usage or Evaluative: Number of full-text article downloads and number of searches

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 34 An E-Resources Management System: the vision “ A system that supports management of the information and workflows necessary to efficiently select, evaluate, acquire, maintain, renew/cancel and provide informed access to e-resources in accordance with their business and license terms” - Ivy Anderson, Robin Wendler (Harvard University Library) and Ellen Duranceau (MIT Libraries)

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 35 DLF ERMI entity-relationship model!

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 36 Standards Statistics collection/harvesting. (SUSHI) ( 2/sushi/ ) 2/sushi/ License Expression Work Group (NISO + EDItEUR + DLF/ERMI) – working to deliver licenses in XML format SOAP & XML – tools for integration Standards and partnership between all players!

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 37 A view from the “front line”… A Journey into E-Resource Administration Hell available from the Leeds eprint server Full citation: "A Journey into E-Resource Administration Hell / Louise Cole. //In: The Serials Librarian. - ISSN X. - 49(2005)1/2; p The author discusses the administrative problems which can still occur when looking after a large and complex portfolio of electronic resources, and focuses on some of the recurring 'nightmares‘.

UKSG – SRM Seminar – Getting Technical! 38 Thanks! web: