ENERGY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION: Situation and prospects Dr Houda BEN JANNET ALLAL, OME General overview of renewable energy and energy efficiency in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries Dr Houda BEN JANNET ALLAL, OME

OME Context Present situation and prospects Conclusion

Missions & Objectives - Reference on Mediterranean Energy Issues - Expertise - Studies and Publications - Mediterranean Energy Database & Scenarios -Promoting Cooperation & Partnership - Mutual Technical Assistance between Members - Capacity building - Communication and Events Think Tank Consulting & Advice Monitoring & Scenarios Cooperation & Partnership “OME makes things happen” Objectives

Demography in the Mediterranean Basin Source: Plan Bleu, OME millions inhabitants SEMCs NMCs

The MCs population grew at 1.7%/y between Annual growth by country is 1% for Tunisia, 1.2% for Morocco, 1.6% for Algeria & 2% for Egypt. During the period , population increased from 132 to 145 M & the urban pop. from 67 to 76 M. These increases represent 13 M more inhabitants, & 9.4 M more people in the cities. Demography

Urbanization rate in the MCs increased from 50.5% to 51.9% between 2000 & Currently, the urban rate varies from about 43% in Egypt to 65.3 % in Tunisia (63.3 % in Algeria & 55.5 % in Morocco). Urban Population (share of the total)

Economic Development in the Mediterranean

Economic Growth GDP & GDP per capita are steadily increasing in all MCs. GDP of the MCs amounts to 257b$. Annual growth rate is 4.5% for all MCs (3.8% in Egypt, 4.2% in Morocco, 4.9% in Algeria & 7% in Tunisia). Tunisia & Algeria recorded the strongest economic growth between 2000 and GDP per capita is higher for Tunisia and Algeria, followed by Egypt and Morocco. Growth of GDP/capita depends also on population growth.

From large exporter to totally importer countries The SMCs are unequally endowed with hydrocarbon resources Range between large exporters to totally importers Two countries (Algeria & Egypt) are high energy exporters and two countries (Tunisia & Morocco) are net energy importers It is nowadays widely recognised that energy will continue to play an important role in all the MCs, importers or exporters of energy. The national energy policies are largely linked to the energy resources available in each of these countries

Oil (Mt) & Gas (bcm) Reserves

The 145-million population in MCs is consuming 112 Mtoe of primary energy (of wh. 53 Mtoe of gas, 52 Mtoe oil & 6 Mtoe coal) & 154 TWh of electricity. Number of customers in residential sector is 26.6 million for electricity and 2.5 million for natural gas. Although the global electrification rate reached 96.6%, about 6-10 million of persons still have no access to electricity. Efforts are deployed in the renewable energy sector in the MCs particularly in wind and solar energy and PV installations for electrification of remote villages, isolated rural households and rural schools.

Electricity production in the MCS (175 TWh in 2006)

Electricity Generation by source in the MCs (in TWh)

Energy indicators

Source: OME RE in SEMCs: high potential but relatively modest present situation

Solar Water Heating (m2)

Wind Capacity Installed (MW)

Wind Generation (GWh)

Hydro Generation (in GWh)

Energy dependency is increasing …

Source : UNF, Sigma XI, 2007 The region is also facing climate change problems …

Source : IPCCC, 2007 WGI …which are expected to be more challenging in the future

Energy related CO2 emissions in the MCs (in Mt)

Source: OME CO 2 Emissions from Energy Consumption in the Mediterranean

“On current trends, we are on course for an unstable, dirty & expensive energy future” quote from IEA Executive Director

A more sustainable future is needed A more sustainable future is possible High potential for energy efficiency Renewable energy have also an important role to play OME is working on these issues through its RESDC

No single solution…. a portfolio of technologies is required Solutions depend on … Countries, Resources, Needs, Choices, Market, Timing, Infrastructure … Efficiency in buildings, Industry and End-Use products Energy efficiency in the transport sector Advanced power generation and grid Renewable energy technologies Biomass, CHP CO2 Capture and Storage

Barriers need to be removed, particularly –Institutional and legal barriers: in most of the countries, there is no institutional and regulatory framework specific to RE –Competing resources: RE are competing with conventional energies relatively abundant, widely deployed and subsidised in several countries of the region. But, RE are most often already competitive in isolated rural areas

Regional and international context is favourable –Regional: EC, EIB, MEDREP, MEDENER, MEDITEP, OME –Kyoto Protocol: the Clean Development Mechanism, an opportunity not yet fully exploited –The Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development: a framework in favour to RE and EE –RE perspectives are encouraging

Source: OME RE perspectives are encouraging in the SEMCs

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