Mon., Sept. 15, 2014 Chapter 1 Pages 11-21

What is Demography? The study of human populations, including their size, growth, density, distribution, and rates of birth, marriage, and deaths.

Population Density The number of people living per unit of an area (usually per square mile).

Birth Rate The number of live births each year per 1000 people in a population. Death Rate The number of deaths each year per 1000 people in a population. Total Fertility Rate Average number of children that women have.

Demographic Transition Definition – the change from HIGH birth/death rates to LOW birth/death rates – usually accompanies a cluster of other changes such as change from subsistence economy (families produce own food) to a cash economy (families purchase necessities with $), increased education rates, and urbanization

Migration The movement of people from one location to another in any setting, whether within a community, within a country, or between countries.

Emigrant A person who exits a country to live elsewhere. Immigrant A person who moves into a country.

Migration Factors Push Factors – Problems that “push” people out of one area into another. Ex. Hunger, landlessness, political instability, etc. Pull Factors – Benefits that “pull” people into a new area. Ex. Jobs, housing, etc.

Zero Population Growth (ZPG): birth rate + immigration rate = death rate + emigrant rate

Age Structure Diagrams (Often Called Population Pyramids) Classifies a population by gender and by 5 year increments. May classify a population by pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive phases. We’re going to draw the shape of what a country looks like with rapid, slow, zero, or negative growth

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total market value of all the goods and services produced within the borders of a nation during a specific time period. GDP Per Capita: GDP divided by the total population of a country. Average. Population Below Poverty Line: Percentage of population making less than GDP per capita.

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Definition: the amount that the local currency equivalent of U.S. $1 will purchase in a given country GDP Per Capita PPP: the total market value of all goods and services produced within the borders of a nation in a year, divided by the total population of a country and adjusted for purchasing power parity

United Nations Human Development Index (HDI) The ranking of countries based on 3 indicators of well being –Life expectancy at birth –Educational attainment –Income adjusted to purchasing power parity This is more complex than just looking at the GDP of a country

Developing Country (LDC):  Undeveloped economy  No modern technology  No industrial production  Low standard of living  Dependent on developed countries Developed Country (MDC):  Well developed economy  Modern technology  Modern industry  High standard of living

CharacteristicMDCLDC GDP Per Capita & IncomeHighLow Percent in Middle ClassHighLow Percent in ManufacturingHighLow Energy UseHighLow Percent UrbanHighLow Percent RuralLowHigh Birth RateLowHigh Death RateLowLow (higher than MDC) Population Growth RateLowHigh Percent Under Age 15LowHigh Percent LiterateHighLow Leisure Time AvailableHighLow Life ExpectancyHighLow