Russia Chapter 20 Pages

2 5 Themes Location: Place: Region: Movement: Human-Environment Interaction HistoryHistory / End of CommunismEnd of Communism / Current IssuesCurrent Issues

Location Relative: –Along the Arctic Ocean –2 x the size of either Canada, US, China or Brazil –Crosses 11 time zones! 3 Return to 5 Themes

Place Physical Features: –Highest Mtn. Range = Caucasus –Plains cross most of nation west of Yenisei R. –Ural Mtn. = Dividing line between two continents Contain valuable minerals 4 Return to 5 Themes

Region Subarctic or continental climates = COLD Permafrost – permanently frozen soil Command Economy – Central gov. decided what goods will be produced 5 Return to 5 Themes

Movement Communist idea moves around the world –Occupation –Alliances Difficult to maintain routes – size/climate Rivers freeze – still useful to transportation –Pg. 428 Railroads move the most 6 Return to 5 Themes

Human-Environment Interaction Farmland organized into collective farms –Workers had little incentive  production low –Farm workers allowed small plots of land  major sources of fruits and vegetables Intense industrialization –Depleted resources –Siberia = lots of resources= lots of pollution Lung cancer & respiratory infections in citizens 7 Return to 5 Themes

History To achieve social equality  land / business should be owned by the people “in common” Attacked by Germany in WWII –Lost > 20 million troops/civilians Cold War –Competition for power with US = Both $$$ 8 Return to 5 Themes

Communism Ends Mikhail Gorbachev –Soviet president in 1985 Reformed Soviet Union – Eased Cold War –Glasnost – “Openness” –Perestroika – Economic Restructure People called to end communism Nuclear Weapon reduction- VideoVideo 9 Return to 5 Themes

Current Issues Ethnic Turmoil –Caucasus Regions –Chechnya Economic Problems –Some started own business –Others lost secure gov. jobs, benefits and pensions –Inflation – instability led to black market Health 10 Return to 5 Themes

Chapters Pages

British Isles and Nordic Nations Chapter 15 England Scotland & Wales Nordic Nations Ireland 12

Chapter 16 – Pages France Germany Benelux Countries Switzerland and Austria

France  Today’s Economy Each region has advantages, and reforms are trying to help them grow wealth equally.  Culture Language, air and intellect bind citizens  Today’s Government Nationalized Recovering from recession and reforms 14

Benelux Countries  Netherlands  Belgium  Luxembourg 15

Italy  Beauty resides in Italy Art / Renaissance Landscape  Home of Holy Roman Empire 16

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