© 2009, TESCCC Regions of Europe

© 2009, TESCCC European Regions Western Europe The British Isles Nordic Europe Mediterranean Europe Eastern Europe

© 2009, TESCCC British Isles Two Islands: Britain Ireland Two Nations: United Kingdom Ireland United Kingdom: England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland

© 2009, TESCCC Climate Marine West Coast: Humid, moist Climate that is moderated by warm ocean currents Put Map Here

© 2009, TESCCC Historical Geography Pagan tribes were settled in the British Isles prior to the Roman arrival in the 1st century BCE. Romans remained for about 5 centuries (remnants include Hadrians Wall). Angles and Saxons settled as the Romans departed, followed by Nordic tribes (Vikings) in the 9th century, who plundered the Christian churches in the area. England gets its name from the Angles or Engles, which were Germanic tribes from the Mainland.

© 2009, TESCCC Continued Ireland was less affected by the Anglo-Saxons and Nordic tribes Ireland retained its Gaelic heritage. Most Irish were converted to Roman Catholicism in the 5th and 6th centuries (recall St. Patrick)

© 2009, TESCCC British Empire Grew in strength throughout the Middle Ages World Conquests: to the Americas, Africa, South Asia (India), SE Asia, Australia, South Pacific. The British built a presence in every part of the world. Empire declined during the 20th century

© 2009, TESCCC Modern Germany Suffered greatly after the World Wars from political and cultural conflicts. Germany is known for its scholarship and hard work ethic. Welcomes immigrants from all nationalities- it is now an open, liberal society.

© 2009, TESCCC Switzerland and Austria German influenced, although Switzerland is also influenced by Italy and France. Alps- In Western Austria and all of Switzerland.

© 2009, TESCCC Denmark (Greenland) Sweden Norway Finland Iceland Estonia* Northern Europe

© 2009, TESCCC Physical Geography of Scandinavia Ice Age glaciers melted here leaving thousands of lakes. Other glaciers carved out fjords along the coastline. Jutland, the peninsula on which mainland Denmark lies, is mostly flat. The Scandinavian Peninsula in northern Europe is mountainous.

© 2009, TESCCC MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE Consists of the Iberian, Italian and Balkan Peninsula Many islands are associated with this Region. The Climate is….Mediterranean!

© 2009, TESCCC MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE SIX COUNTRIES A DISCONTINUOUS REGION ON THE PERIPHERY CULTURAL CONTINUITY DATES FROM GRECO-ROMAN TIMES MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE HOT - DRY SUMMERS WARM/COOL - MOIST WINTERS

© 2009, TESCCC Iberian Peninsula Most of the peninsula is a plateau, but the Pyrenees Mountains form a barrier between it and the rest of Europe. Southwestern Europe’s Iberian Peninsula, home to Spain and Portugal, separates the Mediterranean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean.

© 2009, TESCCC ITALY MOST POPULATED OF MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES BEST CONNECTED TO THE EUROPEAN CORE MOST ECONOMICALLY ADVANCED DISPLAYS A SHARP NORTH/SOUTH CONTRAST

© 2009, TESCCC EASTERN EUROPE Europe’s poorest region Influenced by Russia Many areas have had political and economic instability during the last 2 decades.

© 2009, TESCCC UNDERLYING FORCES CENTRIFUGAL FORCES REFER TO FORCES THAT TEND TO DIVIDE A COUNTRY Religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences CENTRIPETAL FORCES FORCES THAT UNITE AND BIND A COUNTRY TOGETHER A strong national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith

© 2009, TESCCC SUBREGIONS OF EASTERN EUROPE COUNTRIES ON THE BALTIC SEA THE LANDLOCKED CORE COUNTRIES ON THE ADRIATIC SEA COUNTRIES ON THE BLACK SEA

© 2009, TESCCC COUNTRIES ON THE BALTIC SEA POLAND A CLASSIC NATION-STATE TRADITIONALLY A FARMING COUNTRY LITHUANIA LATVIA ESTONIA BELARUS: Still strongly influenced by Russia

© 2009, TESCCC THE LANDLOCKED CORE CZECH REPUBLIC The region’s most westernized SLOVAKIA Less developed, more rural than Czech Republic HUNGARY

© 2009, TESCCC COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA BULGARIA: Freed from Russia in ROMANIA: Formerly Roman MOLDOVA: Agrarian UKRAINE: Agrarian; largest and most populated of these countries

© 2009, TESCCC COUNTRIES ON THE ADRIATIC SEA SLOVENIA: FIRST TO SECEDE; ETHNICALLY MOST HOMOGENEOUS CROATIA: BOOMING TOURISM BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA: CENTRALLY POSITIONED SERBIA-MONTENEGRO: INCLUDES SERBIA, KOSOVO, AND MONTENEGRO MACEDONIA ALBANIA: 70% MUSLIMS; LOWEST ECONOMIC RANKING IN EUROPE