Industrialization Spreads

Industrialization in the U.S. I. The United States possessed many of the same resources that allowed Great Britain to mechanize its industries. A. Many natural resources such as coal & iron ore B. Large supply of laborers C. Many rivers and streams II. As in Britain, industrialization in the U.S. began in the textile industry.

Samuel Slater A. The British were eager to keep the secrets of industrialization to itself. 1. Britain forbid any engineers, mechanics, or toolmakers to leave the country. 2. In 1789, however, a mill worker named Samuel Slater slipped out of the country to the U.S. a. In the U.S., he built a spinning machine from memory. b. Slater’s machines ended up in the first factories in the U.S.

Factories in the U.S. B. Many factories began emerging in the U.S. in the early 1800’s. 1. Most began in the Northeastern part of the U.S. C. Following the Civil War, the U.S. began to shift to a more industrialized country as opposed to agricultural.

Industrialization in the U.S. 1. Much like Great Britain the U.S. had a wealth of resources-oil, coal, and iron 2. The U.S. had its own burst of inventions a. electric light bulb b. telegraph c. Telephone 3. A swelling population that consumed the new manufactured goods. 4. A railroad system also began in the U.S.

The Rise of Corporations III. During the Industrial Revolution, corporations began. A. A corporation is a business owned by stockholders. 1. To raise money entrepreneurs sold shares of stock (certificates of ownership) 2. People who bought shares of stock became part owners of the business. a. Stockholders then share in the profits of the corporation but are not liable for debts. b. Corporations are able to raise large amounts of money needed to invest in industrial equipment.

U.S. Corporations B. In the late 1800’s the two most powerful corporations were Standard Oil (founded by John D. Rockefeller) and Carnegie Steel Company ( founded by Andrew Carnegie). 1. Corporate leaders made fortunes 2. Stockholders made huge profits 3. Workers earned low wages

Continental Europe Industrializes IV. The Industrial Revolution spread to most countries in Europe.

Other Inventions Spur Industrialization V. Other inventions spurred industrialization. A. In 1801, an Italian named Alessandro Volta invented the electric battery. 1. It produced a steady electric current B. In 1837, an American named Samuel F.B. Morse invented the telegraph. 1. Communication could now be sent long distances by sending electric impulses.

Other Inventions C.In 1866, the first transatlantic message was sent by cable.

Other Inventions D. In 1839, a Frenchman name Louis Daguerre patented the first method of taking photographs. 1. Photographs could be completed in a matter of minutes!

D. In 1876, the American Alexander Graham Bell harnessed electricity to transmit sounds over great distances-telephone 1. mass communication begins E.In 1895, an Italian, Guglielmo Marconi created the first wireless radio. 2. Mass communication develops even more.

F.In 8178, the incredible American inventor Thomas Edison created the first electric light bulb. 1. Factories could now operate 24/7. G.In the 1885, German inventors used a gasoline engine to power a vehicle-the automobile.

H.In 1903, American brothers, Orville and Wilbur Wright, flew a gasoline powered flying machine at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. 1. The longest flight that day lasted 59 seconds 2. Airplane travel began.

I.An American mechanic named Henry Ford decided to make cars that were affordable for most people 1. Ford used standardized, interchangeable parts. 2. He built them on an assembly line. 3. The Model T Ford was introduced!

Theory of Evolution VI.New ideas changed society during the Industrial Revolution. A. In 1859, Charles Darwin wrote the book, “On the Origin of Species”. 1. Darwin challenged the idea of special creation. 2. Darwin theorized that all forms of life, including human beings, evolved from earlier forms of life that had existed millions of years ago.

Germ Theory of Disease B. A French chemist by the name of Louis Pasteur in the mid-1800’s developed the Germ Theory of Disease. 1. He discovered that bacteria cause diseases and that heat killed bacteria. a. This led to surgeons insisting that wounds be washed with antiseptics or germ-killing liquids. b. Public officials began to make sure their cities built plumbing and sewer systems and improved public health.

Genetics C. In 1860, an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel was able to show how certain traits are inherited. 1. Led to the science of genetics.

Psychology D. Psychology became an important new social science during the Industrial Rev. 1. It was focused on understanding human behavior in a scientific way. a. An Austrian doctor named Sigmund Freud theorized that many of our behaviors can be explained by unconscious forces – memories, desires, and impulses.

The Impact of Industrialization VII. The impact of industrialization A. Industrialized nations began to compete against each other B. Poverty increased in less-developed nations. C. European countries began to exploit overseas colonies for resources and markets Result? VIII. Imperialism began!