What were the goals of the Progressives and what were their accomplishments?

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M R. Rid problems created by industrialization 3 Goals- * government controlled by people * government regulation of economy * eliminate social injustice

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M E. Election and Political reform meant gov’t controlled by the people Local: Commission and Council Manager State: Initiative (people propose law) Referendum (vote on initiative) Recall (election re-do, vote can take officials out of office) Elections: Primary Elections Secret Ballot 17th Amendment (direct election of U.S. Senators)

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M F. Filth and corruption in business exposed by muckraking literature Upton Sinclair’s, The Jungle Meat Inspection Act (1906)

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M F. Filth and corruption in business exposed by muckraking literature Lincoln Steffens, Shame of the Cities What future does Steffens see as working???

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M F. Filth and corruption in business exposed by muckraking literature Ida Tarbell, History of Standard Oil

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M O. Organizations (labor unions) continued to call for better working conditions, pay, and security American Federation of Labor (Samuel Gompers) American Railway Union (Eugene Debs)

Workers Management

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M R. Reform makes it to the White House Teddy Roosevelt- 1 st Progressive President ( ) Policy (“Square Deal”): * Conservation * “Trustbusting” * “Steward” of public

TR views the Presidency as a “Bully Pulpit”

TR and Conservation *established National Park Service "There can be nothing in the world more beautiful than the Yosemite, the groves of the giant sequoias and redwoods, the Canyon of the Colorado, the Canyon of the Yellowstone, the Three Tetons; and our people should see to it that they are preserved for their children and their children's children forever, with their majestic beauty all unmarred.“ Theodore Roosevelt

Jack and the Wall Street Giants U.S. Supreme Court dissolved the Northern Securities Company (monopoly of western railroads) TR the “Trustbuster”

What personal characteristics are associated with TR?

TR “Steward of Public” Anthracite Coal Strike (1902)- United Mine Workers strike for higher wages, 8hr. day, and recognition of union. Owners shut down mines, evicted strikers.

Who is credited with the “death” of the Coal Strike?

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M R. Reform makes it to the White House William Howard Taft ( )- Viewed as a less aggressive reformer than TR, yet just as successful “trustbuster.”

TR frustrated with Taft’s conservative policies ran as a 3 rd Party (“Bull Moose”) Progressive candidate. New Nationalism- “The betterment we seek must be accomplished mainly through the National Government.” TR

Republican vote split, resulting in Democratic victory in 1912 Woodrow Wilson

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M R. Reform makes it to the White House Woodrow Wilson (“New Freedom”) ( ) “If America is not to have free enterprise then she can have freedom of no sort whatever.” Wilson

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M R. Reform makes it to the White House Restore Competition (with “checks”): Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)- Expand Sherman Antitrust Act outlaws price-fixing, exempts unions from Sherman Act Federal Trade Commission (FTC)- “watch-dog” agency, requires reports from corporations to regulate big business Federal Reserve System- central banking system, basis for modern “branch” banking system

Progressives = R-E-F-O-R-M M. Mothers Too. Middle Class women involved in the reforms (Prohibition). Carrie Nation

Renewed call for women’s suffrage. (Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony) THINK: How might Victorian ideas about women help support the call for women’s suffrage? “City housekeeping has failed partly because women, the traditional housekeepers, have not been consulted.” Jane Addams

The Awakening, 1915 Wyoming, 1 st state to allow women vote (1869)

National Women’s Suffrage Association calls for national amendment.

Pressure put on Wilson to support women’s suffrage.

What is the message?

What role in the campaign for women’s suffrage can you attribute to WWI?

(1920) 19 th Amendment ratified, granting women right to vote