Should we control a chemical that: u Causes excessive sweating and vomiting. u Is a major component in acid rain. u Can cause severe burns in its gaseous.

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Presentation transcript:

Should we control a chemical that: u Causes excessive sweating and vomiting. u Is a major component in acid rain. u Can cause severe burns in its gaseous state.

u Accidental inhalation can kill you. u Contributes to erosion. u Decreases the effectiveness of car brakes. u Has been found in tumors of terminal cancer patients.

What is the chemical?

Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Question? What molecule Is the most common In living Cells

The Water Planet

Properties Of Water u Be ready and able to discuss several of the following properties. u Focus on definitions and examples. u Review water structure and H-bonds from Chapter 2.

Liquid Water Is Cohesive

Liquid Water is Adhesive

Water transport in trees uses Cohesion and Adhesion

Water Has A High Surface Tension

Water Has A High Specific Heat

Heat

Temperature

Celsius Scale u Will be used for most of our temperature measurements.

Water Stabilizes Temperature

Water Has A High Heat Of Vaporization

Evaporative Cooling

Result:

Water Expands When It Freezes

Solids and Liquids WaterBenzene Floats Sinks

Solid LiquidGas States of Matter

Result u Aquatic life can live under ice.

Water Is A Versatile Solvent

Solution

Solvent

Solute

Hydrophilic Materials

Hydrophobic

Without Water Life Would Not Be Possible!!

Solution Concentration u Usually based on Molarity.

Moles

One Mole of each Sulfur Sugar Copper Sulfate Mercury Oxide Copper Sodium Chloride

Comment u AP Biology students should be able to calculate solutions in Molarity.

Dissociation of Water u Water can sometimes split into two ions. u In pure water the concentration of each ion is M

u Adding certain solutes disrupts the balance between the two ions. u The two ions are very reactive and can drastically affect a cell.

Acids

Acid Rain

Bases

Neutrals

pH Scale

Example: For a neutral solution: [H + ] is or - log or - (-7) or 7

Comment u [H + ] + [OH - ] = 14 u Therefore, if you know the concentration of one ion, you can easily calculate the other.

Buffers

Summary u Be able to discuss the properties of water. u Be able to measure solution concentrations in Molarity. u Be able to work pH scale questions.