Years and Days

Moon Phases

Seasons

Lunar Eclipses Total Solar Eclipse

Tides Friction and Gravity (moon and sun) -Earth tries to drag the water around with it in its daily rotation -the Moon and Sun pulls against it.

Comparing Comets, Meterites, Astroids Asteroid - stays in space Comet Meteorite - falls to earth

Elliptical Spiral Irregular Examples of Three Main Galaxy Types

Rock Cycle

Characteristic Properties of Minerals A mineral is the same all the way through. –Color –Shiny-ness –Fracture pattern –Harness –Transparency –Many others

Rocks are combinations of minerals

Interior Structure of the Earth CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE

Plate Boundaries 3 kinds of movement Transform DivergentConvergent What is geological event is experienced with each type? What landforms are created by each kind?

Types of clouds: 1) 2) 3)

Isotherms Isotherms are lines drawn to connect places having equal temperatures

Isobars Isobars - pressure lines drawn on weather maps to connect places having equal air pressure. Isobars that are close together indicate a large pressure difference over a small area

How do weather systems move? Weather systems move across North America from west to east.

. Steppe

Bacterial Reproduction Sexual Reproduction –Two bacteria exchanging DNA (conjugation) –Does not increase the number of bacteria Asexual Reproduction –One bacteria splits into two (fission) –Identical cells are produced –Happens every 20 minutes for some bacteria

Parasitism - Parasites obtain nutrition by feeding on their host A parasite usually does not kill its host and is usually smaller than the organism on which it feeds –Deer ticks/Mammals –Birds in picture –Tape worms/host

Mutualism - both animals in relationship benefit Sharks and cleaner fish Clown fish and sea anemone Coevolution of humans and the microbes that live in our intestines:

Commensalism - taking without harming A relationship in which one species benefits and the other is not obviously affected Gray whale and barnacles Other examples?

Abiotic factors include such items as weather, climate, shelter, sunlight and geographic barriers. Includes all non-living factors. Biotic factors include the interactions between members of the same species as well as interactions with different species - competition for food, etc. Includes all living factors

Sexual Reproduction Ensures genetic variability Differences in genetic traits may increase or decrease an organisms chance for survival. Remember we are a combination of our parents genetics!! 23 chromosomes from your mother and 23 chromosomes from your father = 46 total chromosomes. There are 70,368,740,000,000 different possible genetics combinations that can occur!!!!

This is why siblings may look similar, but no siblings look exactly the same. (Except identical twins) All of those 70,368,740,000,000 possible combinations of traits may increase or decrease your chance of survival. Notice how all the puppies in this litter look different despite having the same parents.

Asexual reproduction: Reproduction (without sex) that Produces an identical copy of the parent. The four types of asexual reproduction are 1)Fission- bacteria reproduce by splitting in two. 2)Fragmentation- Some animals can grow from a separate Piece of the parent animal. (example? __________) 3)Vegatative Propagation- New plants can be produced from Sections of parent plants that are cut off.example ____ 4)Budding- Cell division produces a bud and as it grows it Becomes a identical copy of its parent example -_____.

Asexual Reproduction of Plants Bulb propagation - each bulb can become a new plant Budding - each eye can grow a new shoot

Runners - (strawberries) modified stems that extend above the ground Rhizoids - (grasses) modified stems that extend below the ground Vegetative Propagation

Sources: 5_phasesSeasons.html dir/lecture19.htm