The Structure of Matter Chapter Six The Structure of Matter

The Structure of Matter PA Standards 3.1.12.A Unifying Themes 3.4.10.A Physical Science, Chemistry and Physics 3.4.12.A Physical Science, Chemistry and Physics Apply concepts of models as a method to predict and understand science and technology. Explain concepts about the properties and structure of matter. Explain the formation of compounds and their resulting properties using bonding theories (ionic and covalent).

Objectives: Compounds and Molecules Distinguish between compounds and mixtures. Relate the chemical formula of a compound to the relative numbers of atoms or ions present in the compound. Use models to visualize a compound’s chemical structure. Describe how the chemical structure of a compound affects its properties.

Distinguish between compounds and mixtures.

Chemical Bonds H2 O2

Chemical Reaction H2O

Use models to visualize a compound’s chemical structure Use models to visualize a compound’s chemical structure. Relate the chemical formula of a compound to the relative numbers of atoms or ions present in the compound.

Chemical Structure

Describe how the chemical structure of a compund affects its properties.

Structure and Properties

Structure and Properties Compound State (at 25°C) Melting Point (°C) Boiling Point (°C) Silicon dioxide, SO2 (quartz) Solid 1,700 2,230 Magnesium fluoride, MgF2 1,261 2,239 Sodium Chloride, NaCl (table salt) 801 1,413 Sugar, C12H22,O11 185-186 - Water, H2O Liquid 100 Dihydrogen sulfide, H2S Gas -86 -61

Structure and Properties

Ionic and Covalent Bonding Explain why atoms sometimes join to form bonds. Explain why some atoms transfer their valence electrons to form ionic bonds, while other atoms share valence electrons to form different bonds. Differentiate between ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. Compare the properties of substances with different types of bonds.

Objectives: Compound Names and Formulas Name simple ionic and covalent compounds. Predict the charge of a transition metal cation in an ionic compound. Write chemical formulas for simple ionic compounds. Distinguish a covalent compound’s empirical formula from its molecular formula.

Objectives: Organic and Biochemical Compounds Describe how carbon atoms bond covalently to form organic compounds. Identify the names and structures of groups of simple organic compounds and polymers. Identify what makes up the polymers that are essential to life.

Describe how carbon atoms bond covalently to form organic compounds.

Organic Compound Organic Compound Covalently bounded compound that contains carbon

Hydrocarbons

Identify the names and structures of groups of simple organic compounds and polymers.

Alkanes, Alkenes, Alcohols

Polymers Polymer Monomer Examples Molecule that is a long chain made of smaller molecules Monomer Smaller molecule that makes up the polymer Examples Plastic Wood Cotton Starch Protein DNA

Examples

Identify what makes up the polymers that are essential to life.

Biochemical Compounds

Biochemical Compounds

Biochemical Compounds