Human Rights & Governance Assessments: Standards, Principles and Indicators Professor Todd Landman Director, Institute for Democracy and Conflict Resolution.

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Human Rights & Governance Assessments: Standards, Principles and Indicators Professor Todd Landman Director, Institute for Democracy and Conflict Resolution University of Essex Presentation prepared for Oslo Governance Forum 3-5 October 2011 Within the Knowledge Gateway at the University of Essex - Copyright © 2010 The Institute for Democracy and Conflict Resolution. All Rights Reserved.

Standards, principles, indicators & data Standards (IHRL) Categories and Dimensions of Human Rights Indicators (OHCHR) Structure Process Outcome Data Events-based Standards-based Survey-based Socio-economic & administrative statistics Principles (UN Common Understanding) Universality & inalienability Indivisibility Inter-dependence & inter-relatedness Equality & non-discrimination Participation & inclusion Accountability & the rule of law

Within the Knowledge Gateway at the University of Essex - Copyright © 2010 The Institute for Democracy and Conflict Resolution. All Rights Reserved. Categories & dimensions of human rights Dimensions of human rights I Respect (no interference in the exercise of the right) II Protect (prevent violations from third parties) III Fulfil (provision of resources and the outcomes of policies) Categories of human rights Civil and political 1 Torture, extra-judicial killings, disappearance, arbitrary detention, unfair trials, electoral intimidation, disenfranchisement 2 Measures to prevent non- state actors from committing violations, such as torture, extra- judicial killings, disappearance, abduction, and electoral intimidation. 3 Investment in judiciaries, prisons, police forces, and elections, and resource allocations to ability Economic, social, and cultural 4 Ethnic, racial, gender, or linguistic discrimination in health, education, and welfare and resource allocations below ability. 5 Measures to prevent non- state actors from engaging in discriminatory behaviour that limits access to health, education, and other welfare 6 Progressive realisation Investment in health, education, and welfare, and resource allocations to ability UNDP (2006) Indicators to Human Rights Based Approaches to Development In UNDP Programming: A Users’ Guide, Oslo: UNDP Oslo Governance Centre p. 5. GOOD HUMAN RIGHTS PRINCIPLES = BETTER HUMAN RIGHTS OUTCOMES GOOD HUMAN RIGHTS PRINCIPLES = BETTER HUMAN RIGHTS OUTCOMES

Mongolia: Democratic Governance Indicators (DGIs) Within the Knowledge Gateway at the University of Essex - Copyright © 2010 The Institute for Democracy and Conflict Resolution. All Rights Reserved. Quantitative elements Administrative statistics Elite Surveys Mass surveys Expert judgments Qualitative elements Dialogues Focus groups Narratives SoD Method I.Citizenship law & rights II.Responsible & accountable government III.Civil society & popular participation IV.Democracy beyond the state

Mongolia: Assessment Structure Democratic Governance Indicators: IV Clusters (14 Indicative questions) Focus Group Questions Questions to define indicators Core IndicatorsSatellite indicators Dialogue method questions Within the Knowledge Gateway at the University of Essex - Copyright © 2010 The Institute for Democracy and Conflict Resolution. All Rights Reserved. Proceeding: Follow-up to ICNRD-5 International Conference, 1-2 June 2006, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 4 main civil & political rights indicators 6 main economic and social rights indicators