Cancer Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body Cancer occurs when the cells divide too rapidly. Also when cells “forget” to die

Location Almost any organ or tissue such as: Lungs, Colon, Breast, Bones, or Nerve tissue

Causes Radiation, Sunlight, Tobacco, Certain Viruses, Benzene, and Certain poisonous mushrooms Many causes today still remain unknown

What is Breast Cancer? Malignant cells found in breast tissue Found in women and rare cases of men Most common cancer in women Second leading cause of cancer death in women Leading cause of death in women ages

Most common types Most common form is duct breast cancer Lobular Inflammatory breast cancer

Causes Hereditary 5% to 10% The cause of breast cancer is unknown

Risk Factors The risk increases with age Menstruate at early age Late menopause Not giving birth Abnormal cells in breast

Symptoms in women Breast lump Lump in armpit Change in size, shape, or feel of nipple Fluid seepage from nipple Bone pain Breast pain Skin ulcers Swelling of one arm Weight loss

Symptoms in Men Breast lump Breast pain and tenderness

Test physical exam Mammogram breast MRI breast ultrasound breast biopsy

Treatment Based upon type and stage of cancer Sensitive to certain hormones Chemotherapy Radiation

Surgery Treatment Lumpectomy Mastectomy

Prevention Healthy diet and Early detection Clinical breast exam Mammograms Women ages doctor exam every 3 years All women over the age of 40 yearly exam

Breast self exam once a month before your period

A Self Exam

Breast cancer x-ray

Lung Cancer

2 Types of lung cancer Small cell Broken down to 3 types 1. Small cell carcinoma 2. Mixed small cell carcinoma 3. Combined small cell carcinoma non-small cell lung cancer

Causes Smoking Second hand smoke

Location and Spreading of cancer Small cell starts in air tubes Rapidly spreads Grow quickly and create tumors Can spread to brain, liver, and bones.

Symptoms Cough Bloody sputum shortness of breath wheezing chest pain swallowing difficulty Hoarseness or changing of voice facial swelling

Test Physical exam Medical history and how long you have smoked Listen to chest Chest x-ray Sputum test MRI Biopsy

Treatment Chemotherapy Radiation Surgery- for limited small cell only with one tumor

Prevention Stop Smoking!! Try to avoid second hand smoke

Ovarian Cancer Cancer of the reproductive organs in a woman

Causes, incidence 1 in 67 chance of developing ovarian cancer 5 th most common cancer in women Cause is unknown

Risk factors Lower risk if having more children early Older women have high risk Carrying the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 Use of fertility drugs

Symptoms: Sense of pelvic heaviness Lower abdominal discomfort Vaginal bleeding Abnormal periods Nausea and vomiting Increased urinary frequency Excessive hair growth

Test Physical exam CBC blood chemistry ultrasound abdominal CT scan or MRI of abdomen

Treatment Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation

Prevention Regular pelvic examinations Screening test

Uterus Cancer Also know as endometrail cancer and uterine cancer

Causes Unknown Increased amounts of estrogen

Risk factors History of endometrail polyps benign growths on uterine lining Estrogen replacement therapy Diabetes Never being pregnant/ infertility Starting menstruation early Staring menopause after age 50

Test Pap smear Endometrail biopsy If cancer is found further testing is done to determine cancer stage

Treatment Surgery Radiation Chemotherapy Hysterectomy Abdominal hysterectomy

Prevention Pelvic exams Pap smears Precautions taking estrogen replacement therapy

Cervical Cancer Cancer that starts in the cervix 1 in 3 women will develop cervical cancer

Causes Cancer in the cells on the surface of the cervix 2 types of cells: squamous and columnar

Squamous Most cancer is from squamous cells Development is very slow Starts as pre-cancerous

HPV Almost all cervical cancers of caused by HPV HPV is spread through sexual intercourse

Risk factors Having sex at early age Multiple sex partners Long-term use of birth control

Symptoms Vaginal discharge Abnormal vaginal bleeding Pelvic pain Back pain Single swollen leg Leaking of urine or feces from the vagina

Test Colostomy Pap smears

Treatment Proper treatment depends on stage of cancer, health of woman, and desire to have children Early cervical cancer treated with removing cells Advanced: LEEP(Loop Electrosurgical Procdure)

Treatment Cryotherapy Laser therapy Hysterectomy Radical Hysterectomy

Prevention Vaccine Gardasil Practicing safe sex Getting regular pap smears Quit smoking

Skin Cancer If you have sun exposure, moles, or a family history of skin cancer you are at risk Everyone is at some risk for Melanoma!

Sun exposure UVA and UVB rays induce skin cancer including melanoma Blistering sunburns in early childhood Tanning beds

Location People who live in places with more sunlight are at a much higher risk of developing skin cancer Ex. Florida, Hawaii, and Australia

Family history 1 in every 10 patients diagnosed with skin cancer has a family history of some type of skin cancer Once you have melanoma your chances of getting it again are high

Prevention Limit your sun exposure Sun screens Don’t use tanning beds!!!

Melanoma Pictures

Melanoma pictures

Moles Basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma Most common form of skin cancer 1 million new cases each year in the US

Cause The sun

Location Basal cells line the deepest part of the epidermis Malignant growths (tumors) that arise in this layer Found on the face, ears, scalp, shoulders, and back

Test Biopsy

Treatment Removal of the cells Leaves scars but is not life threatening

Warning signs Asymmetry Border

Warning signs Color Diameter

Basal Cell Pictures

Squamous Cell Second most common form of skin cancer 250,000 new cases a year in the US

Location Found in the upper layer of skin Sun exposed body parts Rim of the ear and lower lip Skin that has injury

Cause Sun exposure Weakened immune systems

What to look for