International Peace-keeping Organizations April 2013

The League of Nations  Called for by President Woodrow Wilson in 1917  Formed at the end of World War I  Based in Geneva, Switzerland

The League of Nations  First members joined in 1920 Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, El Salvador, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Persia, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Siam, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, South Africa, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia Who do you notice is missing?

The League of Nations  Structure An Assembly of all members A Council, made up of five permanent members and four rotating members An International Court of Justice  Conflict Resolution The League could call on the countries in dispute to sit down and discuss the problem in an orderly & peaceful manner.  This would be done in the League’s Assembly (essentially the League’s parliament) which would listen to disputes and come to a decision on how to proceed. If one nation was seen to be the offender, the League could introduce verbal sanctions - warning an aggressor nation that she would need to leave another nation's territory or face the consequences. If the states in dispute failed to listen to the Assembly’s decision, the League could introduce economic sanctions. If this failed, the League could introduce physical sanctions.

The League of Nations  Problems Lack of financial support Inability to enforce decisions Uninvolved Nations Military actions by member nations  Successes Humanitarian support Health & Disease Concerns

The United Nations Present  Began with the Atlantic Charter in 1941 All countries should have a democratic government. All countries would engage in trade freely with one another. All countries would share in world prosperity. All countries would seek to reduce their weaponry.

The United Nations  United Nations Declaration in 1942 Britain, U.S., Soviet Russia & China were four of the twenty-six nations who signed the Atlantic Charter  Voting Arrangements agreed upon by Churchill, Roosevelt & Stalin in Yalta in 1945  The U.N. Charter was decided in San Francisco in April 1945  June 25, 1945 – Member nations signed the Charter and the United Nations was established

The U.N. Structure  General Assembly  Security Council Five permanent members (U.S., Russia, Great Britain, China & France) Six appointed members  Economic & Social Council  International Court of Justice Fifteen members  Secretariat Secretary General Administrative Staff

U.N. Successes & Failures  The Korean War  Congo Crisis  American/Security Council Dominance  Power Blocs within the General Assembly The Developing Nations (125 states) The Non-Aligned Movement (99 states - mostly Asian and African who avoid joining military alliances) The Islamic Conference (41 states) The African group (50 states) The Latin American group (33 states) The Western European group (22 states) The Arab group (21 states)  Public Health Improvement