Ang kampanya laban sa pagbubukas muli ng Bataan Nuclear Power Plant

Safety and environmental concerns 1. Ang BNPP ay depektibo, luma at di ligtas. 2. Ang reduksyon sa carbon emission ng BNPP ay maliit lamang sa konteksto ng buong mundo. Electricity alternatives 3. May iba pang mapapagkunan na indigenous energy (geothermal, natural gas, etc) ng elektrisidad para masagot ang kakulangan sa Hindi ibig sabihin ng operasyon ng BNPP na maging mura ang elektrisidad. Economic costs 5. Ang pagpapaandar muli ng BNPP ay kukunin sa mamamayan at uutangin. Dadagdag ng 24.1 centavo/kWh sa singil sa kuryente at magiging ugat pa ng korupsyon ito

1. Safety and environmental concerns Ang BNPP ay depektibo, luma at di ligtas. Maraming problema na kinalulugaran (site), sa lumang planta, at sa pagtatapon ng basurang nukleyar. 1.Nasa bulkang Natib ang BNPP 2.Geologically active ang paligid at wala pang malinaw na pagaaral sa mga faults na malapit sa BNPP 3.Matagal ang ilalagi ng nuclear waste sa mundo at wala pang solusyon sa pagtatago nito 4.May CO2 emission din ang nuclear plants

Ang Nuklear ay MASAMA, at ang BNPP ay MAPANGANIB Adjunct Professor, Nat’l Inst. of Geological Sciences, U.P. Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois at Chicago DOST Balik Scientist Kelvin S. Rodolfo

Kashiwarazaki-Kariwa accident (Niigata, Japan) Naglabas ng radiation sa dagat noong may earthquake. 400 drums ng low-level nuclear waste ay nahulog at 40 ay bumukas ang takip. Naglabas ng traces ng radioactive Cobalt 60 and chromium 51 sa paligid. Solid lines: Dating mga nakitang faults ; Dotted lines: mga bagong faults nakita makatapos 2007 quake. (Nakada et al.) Dotted lines: New faults found by Nakada et al. after 2007 quake. Epicenter Mw July 07 quake 19 kilometers

1 #, Date Ms Depth (km) 124/06/ /07/ /07/ /08/ /08/ /09/ Earthquakes near BNPP Napot Point

BNPP Mt Natib ? L u b a o l i n e a m e n t

Hernandez-Santos January 12, 1977 report conclusion: “… The above review has revealed the high risk potential for the protection of health and safety of the public if the proposed site is accepted. High probability earth motions associated with earthquakes due to the Manila Trench – West Luzon Trough displacements and presence of a probable fault in the plant location itself may lend to structural failures causing the release of radioactive materials from the nuclear power plant or may cause extensive damage to the plant.”

Mahaba ang itatagal ng nuclear waste Thousands of Years Modern humans flourish; complex language; bladed tools 25,000: last Ice Age; peopling of the Americas 12,000: Agricultural Revolution 3,000BC: Writing, pyramids Human civilization

Interim Storage Spent fuel stored in a “spent fuel pool”. Water absorbs radiation and disperses heat from spent fuel.

Nuclear fuel cycle From slide by Meg Honrado, 2006

Ang nuclear plants ay gumagawa rin ng CO2. Bawat kilowatt-hour na nangaling sa plantang nuklear ay gumawa ng 1/3 kadami sa nanggaling sa pagsunog ng natural gas. Ang pinakayaman na mga mina ay mabilis nauubos dahil sa pagdami ng mga plantang nuklear. Lalaki ang CO2 galing sa nuklear kasama sa pagbaba ang laman ng mga natitirang ore bodies. Magkapanahon na ang CO2 galing sa Uranium ay aabot sa nanggaling sa pagsunog ng fossil fuel. – J.W.S van Leeuwen and P. Smith, 2004, Nuclear Power – The Energy Balance.

Power Shortage? Quoting figures from the various updates of the Philippine Energy Plan from the DOE on their website, the projected shortage in 2012 can be addressed by building geothermal, hydro power, natural gas, wind, solar and coal plants even without the operation of the nuclear plant in Bataan if only government builds the necessary indicative capacity additions and develop and upgrade exisiting power plants. Kayang sagutin ang “kakulangan” sa 2012 kahit wala ang BNPP kapag itinayo ang mga geothermal, hydro, natural gas, wind, solar at iba pang pagkukunan ng enerhiya (combined data 2006 PEP Update+Supply Demand Profile, Napocor +simulation of half growth rates ) 2012 GAP (1495 mw)

(combined data 2006 PEP Update+Supply Demand Profile, Napocor +simulation of half growth rates ) 2012 (1495 mw) Gap of 1495 MW from required capacity and online dependable capacity.

(2006 PEP Update+Supply Demand Profile, Napocor) Kabuuang maaring itayo: MW (Total Indicative Capacity) Gas Bio Geothermal Hydro Geothermal COAL Hydro, etc COAL Geothermal Gas

Where are the plants? Government has pursued a policy of privatization Has sold or in the process of selling our generation plants Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA)

Direct cost to people: nuclear tax The proposed bill would pass on the cost of the BNPP to ordinary consumers as a nuclear tax of P 0.10 per kilowatt hour for the total electric power generated in the country. According to Section 22 of the Bill  “SEC. 22. Alternative Sources of Funding. – The State may raise equity through a surcharge of PhP0.10/kWH of the total electric power generated in the country: Provided, That such collection of surcharge shall not exceed five (5) years from the date of its initial imposition. The funds collected shall be reimbursed to the electric consumers after such time that the BNPP shall commence commercial operations. The time frame for such reimbursement shall not exceed three (3) years. The State is also authorized to enter into international or domestic loan agreements to fund the implementation of this Act: Provided, That the total funds raised from the surcharge and the loan combined shall not exceed US$1 billion.” De-facto nuclear tax of 10 centavos per kWh

Direct cost to people: nuclear tax According to figures from the, the total electric power sales in 2007 is 48,009 GigaWatt hours (1,000,000,000 or billion watt-hour) or 48,009 million kilowatt hours. 4 billion pesos per year or 100 M USD per year For five years, the total would be 20 billion pesos. For household of 300 kwh per month, you would have to pay an additional of 30 pesos (no VAT yet) per month or a total of 1800 pesos for five years. (DOE website) PhP 20 B for five years = PhP 1800 per 300 kwh user

More loans and more costs The remaining 500 Million USD balance from the projected one billion dollar cost is to be obtained by entering into international or domestic loan agreements. Delays and interest repayments can drive this higher and become a new burden for the Filipino people. Overnight capital cost (2008 $/kW) : 4038 USD 620 MW = 2.5 B USD (excluding interests) A comparative study published in January 2008 for a Connecticut Integrated Resource Plan, USA, Posibleng mas lalaki pa sa 500 M na paunang uutangin dahil sa interest at iba pang gastos

Decomissioning costs P B for 30 years of operation set aside for decomissioning (0.002 USD/kWh) = 326 M USD Cleanup of Three Mile Island costs: TMI Dec 93 = 975 M USD Decommissioning costs in the US: $325 million per reactor all-up (1998 $), France 480 million euro (70MW), UK 32 MW power plant 117 M EUR, 100MW power plant, cost about 90 M Kulang ang itinatabi para sa decomissioning

Waste disposal costs P 7.67 B for 30 years of operation set aside for decomissioning (0.001 USD/kWh) = 163 M USD These costs (decomissioning and waste disposal) shall be passed on to us by NAPOCOR or the concerned government agency Total addon cost: USD = PHP Kulang ang itinatabi para sa disposal

Total costs to be passed on to us? NPC either will absorb decomissioning costs or add it to our generation rate For a 300 kWh household total for first 5 years P 20B for five years = P 1800 pesos P 7.67 B for 30 years disposal cost (first 5 years) = P 847 P B for 30 years decomissioning (first 5 years) = P 1696 First five years = Additional of 4343 pesos Or equivalent to additional 72 pesos per month! Remaining costs to be collected throughout the lifetime of the plant: 42 pesos per month Dagdag na singil ng 72 pesos kada buwan at dagdag na 500M++ USD na utang

Global Financial Crisis The projected peak demand for 2012 should be recomputed to include the effects of the global economic crisis and recession. There should be a second look at the growth projections used in the simulation for the 2012 targets due to the global economic crisis that is expected to foster GDP growth in 2009 to be only half or even less than in 2007 which would be the slowest since at least We need not rush and nor make “IMMEDIATE” the reopening the nuclear plant. Bagong targets dahil sa krisis: mabagal ang ekonomiya

Stable supply = lower rates? Having a stable or even a surplus of electricity capacity does not necessarily translate to lower energy costs. In recent years when we had an energy oversupply, power rates have still gone up due to one-sided contracts and the pass-on provisions of EPIRA. Surplus and yet electricity prices is around 8.75 pesos per kWh!! (included are VAT, IPP contract costs, systems losses, etc; to be included NPC stranded debts, etc)

May iba pang mapapagkunan ng baseload power Nuclear plants are said to be able to supply baseload power as opposed to renewable energy, which can supply only a fraction of the energy demand. We need to develop and expand geothermal to supply baseload capacity in our energy mix as well as funding and developing energy-storage solutions that can compensate for the disadvantages of wind and solar power.

(2007 Power Statistics)

Indicative Geothermal Projects PEP Geothermal projects of baseload capacity could be online by 2014 totals 750 MW

Indicative Geothermal Projects PEP Geothermal projects of baseload capacity could be online by 2014 totals 750 MW

The Malampaya Project October 2001 Shell as operator (45%), Chevron (45%), PNOC (10%) 3.9 trillion cu. ft. (Tcf) of proven reserves Estimated million barrels of recoverable oil deposits (to be bidded out)

Other Alternative Energy Sources Solar: tropical country Wind: 7, ,363 MW (DOST 70,000 MW) potential Geothermal: 2 nd in world: 1931 MW – 3131 MW (estimated) Tidal Power, Wave Energy, Ocean Thermal Energy, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technologies

Government's grand mega-sale Expected foreign investments P177 billion potential investment in the renewable energy sector for (60% of the P295 billion in investments) EPIRAIPPsSPUG SPEX in Malampaya 45 % Shell, 45 % ChevronTexaco 10% to be sold

Philippines rich in energy sources Nationalization not privatization Ensure people’s welfare Strategic planning for sustained growth People's control over energy resources Build R&D capacity in energy technologies

Power Plays Electric Power and the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant