Antibody concentration Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease? Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity 600 500 400 300 200 100 Antibody concentration 1. Point to the place on the line graph when the antigen A and antigen B are introduced into the body. 2. How many times does the body encounter the antigen A? 3. What is the reaction of the immune system to antigen A? 4. What are the levels of antibodies A the first time? And the second time? 5. According to the graph, antigen A and antigen B infected the body at the same time around day 28th – 32nd. After that, what are the levels of antibodies A and B? 6. How do you explain these differences? 7. How is the body response to antigen A and antigen B similar and different? 8. According to the graph, is the immune response to antigen A a primary or secondary response? Explain. 9. Is the immune response to antigen B a primary or secondary response? Explain.

How can the immunity be acquired? Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease? Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity How can the immunity be acquired? The injection of a weakened form of a pathogen, dead pathogens, or parts of pathogens to produce immunity is known as vaccination. The immune system recognizes these pathogens as antigens, and creates millions of plasma cells ready to produce specific types of antibodies. In addition, the immune system produces Memory B Cells. In the future, when the real virus or bacteria infect the body, Memory B Cells divide rapidly, forming new Plasma Cells and making enough amounts of antibodies to destroy the pathogens. That is why the body does not get sick.

How can the immunity be acquired? Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease? Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity How can the immunity be acquired? In Active Immunity, after exposure to an antigen the immune system makes its own antibodies. Active immunity lasts long time. There are two kinds of active immunity: Vaccination: the injection of a weakened form of a pathogen to produce immunity. Fighting an infection: the immune system is naturally exposed to an antigen.  In Active Immunity, the body is not exposed to an antigen. Antibodies are received from other organisms. Passive immunity lasts only a short time. There are two kinds of passive immunity: Antibodies produced by other animals against a pathogen are injected into the bloodstream. Antibodies produced by the mother are passed to the fetus during development across the placenta or in early infancy through breast milk.

Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease? Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity 8) Vaccinations play a major role in medicine today. Explain the role of vaccines in the prevention of disease. Your answer must include at least: a) a description of the contents of a vaccine b) a description of how a vaccine protects the body from disease c) one specific reason certain vaccinations are required for students to attend public schools A vaccine contains weakened, altered or dead microbes A vaccine stimulates the immune system to react and produce antibodies and memory B cells. In the future, the immune system will use memory T cells to make antibodies faster and in greater amount. To keep school children protected from a disease To prevent the spread of disease To prevent an epidemic in school

Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease? Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity d) Identify one part of a research plan that must be followed when developing a new vaccine. e) State one way a child could develop an immunity to a certain disease without being vaccinated Compare vaccinated people (experimental group) to non-vaccinated people (control group), and exposed both groups to same antigen. Passive Immunity: Antibodies are received from other organisms. Antibodies produced by other animals against a pathogen are injected into the bloodstream. Antibodies produced by the mother are passed to the fetus during development across the placenta or in early infancy through breast milk

Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease? Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity Discuss the use of antibiotics and vaccines in the treatment and prevention of bacterial diseases. In your answer be sure to include:   a) what is in a vaccine b) how a vaccine promotes immunity c) one advantage of the use of vaccinations to fight bacterial diseases d) one disadvantage of the use of antibiotics to fight bacterial diseases A vaccine contains dead, or weakened microbes or parts of microbes Exposures to the microbes stimulates production of antibodies and memory cells Usually, you will not get the disease Or vaccinations provide immunity that lasts a long time Certain bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, antibiotics are useless in fighting off infectious diseases caused by these type of bacteria. Allergies can be caused by antibiotics Antibiotics may cause side effects in the body

Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease? Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity Do Now: Describe how the inflammatory response is different from the antibody mediated response.

Compare and contrast antigen and antibodies: How do they differ? Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease? Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Compare and contrast antigen and antibodies: How do they differ?