THE END OF THE VIETNAM WAR CHAPTER 30, SECTION 5

VOCABULARY VIETNAMIZATION SILENT MAJORITY PENTAGON PAPERS HENRY KISSINGER KHMER ROUGE WAR POWERS ACT

IMPORTANT DATES MARCH, 1968: THE MY LAI MASSACRE 1969: VIETNAMIZATION BEGINS April, 1970: U.S. INVADES CAMBODIA 1971: THE PENTAGON PAPERS RELEASED DEC., 1972: THE CHRISTMAS BOMBINGS MARCH, 1973: U.S. COMBAT TROOPS LEAVE VIETNAM NOV., 1973: WAR POWERS ACT PASSES 1975: FALL OF SAIGON & SOUTH VIETNAM

Lt. William Calley, U.S.A. (Below) & My Lai Village (Right)

WILLIAM CALLEY ON TIME MAGAZINE COVER, 1971

Charlie Company landing at My Lai, March 19, 1968

Charlie Company members in My Lai

Charlie Company member takes aim, My Lai, March 19, 1968

Dead civilians, My Lai, March 19, 1968

Charlie Company “WIA”, My Lain, March 19, 1968

Charlie Company members aid wounded child, My Lai, March 19, 1968

Warrant Officer Hugh Thompson, U. S Warrant Officer Hugh Thompson, U.S. Army, Recipient - Distinguished Flying Cross

“THERE IS NOT A DAY THAT GOES BY THAT I DON’T FEEL REMORSE FOR WHAT HAPPENED THAT DAY IN MY LAI.” WILLIAM CALLEY, AUGUST 19, 2009

DE-ESCALATION NOV., 1968: NIXON WINS ELECTION HAD PROMISED TO GAIN “PEACE WITH HONOR” FOR THE U.S. = VIETNAMIZATION 1969: VIETNAMIZATION BEINGS U.S. CREDIBILITY DAMAGED BY NEWS OF MY LAI MASSACRE (MARCH, 1968) 1970: ANTI-WAR PROTESTS REACH ALL-TIME HIGH April, 1970: U.S. INVADES CAMBODIA: WHY? NVA / VC USED CAMBODIA AS SANCTUARY HO CHI MINH TRAIL USED PART OF CAMBODIA PROTESTS BECOME MORE VIOLENT

Kent State Students protesting war burn down ROTC building on Campus May, 1970 KENT STATE RIOT Students protesting war burn down ROTC building on Campus National Guard is called in -Protestors start to throw rocks on at the National Guardsmen -Soldiers open fire on protestors 9 wounded 4 killed Damages Nixon’s Image

Ohio National Guard Approaches students at Kent State

“Peace With Honor” Meant to maintain US dignity in face of withdrawal. Nixon did not want US to look bad on the world stage. Even as US troops pulled out, Nixon increased bombing on N. Vietnam and Laos and Cambodia “I call it the madmen theory…I want the North Vietnamese to believe I’ve reached the point where I might do anything to stop the war… -Richard Nixon

THE END OF THE WAR JUNE, 1971: PENTAGON PAPERS RELEASED DEFINE: GOV’T. DOCUMENTS PROVING THAT LBJ ADMIN. HAD PLANNED TO SEND COMBAT TROOPS TO VIETNAM BEFORE 1964 DOCUMENTS RELEASED BY DANIEL ELLSBERG DOCUMENTS CONVINCE MANY THAT GOV’T CAN’T BE TRUSTED U.S. CONITNUES PEACE NEGOTIATIONS: HENRY KISSINGER, NIXON’S NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR, HANDLES NEGOTIATIONS JAN., 1973: PEACE NEGOTIATIONS SIGNED MARCH, 1973: LAST U.S. COMBAT TROOPS LEAVE VIETNAM S.VIETNAM / ARVN NOW HANDLE THE WAR MARCH, 1975: NVA CAPTURE SAIGON S.VIETNAM FALLS COMMUNISTS UNIFY VIETNAM / WIN WAR FINAL RESULTS FOR U.S.: KIA: 58,000 WIA: 360,000

Pres. Nixon & Kissinger

1973 U.S. Troops Arrive in America U.S. Troops after hearing news of the U.S. withdrawal

OTHER EFFECTS CAMBODIA: U.S. GOVERNMENT: SIEZED BY EXTREMIST COMMUNISTS CALLED THE KHMER ROUGE LED BY POL POT KHMER ROUGE WANT TO MAKE CAMBODIA TOTAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY WESTERNERS EXILED / CAMBODIANS FORCED INTO LABOR COMMUNES 1975-79: 3 MILLION CAMBODIANS KILLED U.S. GOVERNMENT: 1973: WAR POWERS ACT PASSED DEFINE: PRES. MUST INFORM CONGRESS W/IN 48 HRS. OF SENDING COMBAT FORCES INTO HOSTILE AREA W/OUT DECLARATION OF WAR PRES. MAY NOT KEEP COMBAT FORCES IN HOSTILE AREA MORE THAN 90 DAYS W/OUT CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL

VIETNAM WAR MEMORIAL, Washington, D.C.

VIETNAM MEMORIAL

Quiz Term for S. Vietnam taking over the fighting from the US? Who leaked the Pentagon Papers? Who negotiated peace deal with N. Vietnam? College in Ohio where US National Guard shot student protestors. Leader of the Khmer Rouge.