Part 2

Essential Question

The Communist Revolution in China 1937 – Nationalists & Communists united to defeat the Japanese When Japanese were defeated in 1945 the nationalists & communists resumed their fight Soviets supported Communists, who quickly took control of countryside Nationalists were forced onto Taiwan in 1949, giving Communists complete control of China

The Red Star Over China All aspects of life came under control of Communist Party & its leader Mao Zedong Changes to China Under Mao – Elimination of Capitalist Class – Communists said capitalists exploited others, & killed 1 million – Reeducation – Communist beliefs became required learning in universities – The Family – Family authority was replaced by authority of Communist Party

The Great Leap Forward 1956 – Mao forced peasant to work on cooperative farms; Families shared work & crops 1958 – Mao introduces 5 Year Plan to turn China into an industrial power Large population used to build dams, roads & factories Poor planning & high costs led to disaster China faced starvation & economic crisis

The Korean War ( ) Westerners worried that Communism would spread after it began in China 1945 – Korea divided into Communist North Korea, & non-communist South Korea 1950 – Communists invade South Korea U.S. & other countries helped, & forced Communists back to North Korea

General MacArthur led U.N. forces into North Korea China intervened as forces approached Chinese border 1953 – Compromise ended war, leaving things the way they were before it started The Korean War ( )

The Cultural Revolution 1962 – Soviets & Chinese split after arguing Mao launched campaign to become leader of Communist movement throughout the world Worried about loss of enthusiasm & wanted to cover his mistakes in Great Leap Forward Invited 11 Million students to revitalize Communism by becoming “Red Guard”

Red Guard attacked those who had abandoned Communism Many people were tortured & killed Mao was forced to use the army to regain control of the Red Guard Revolution ended when food shortages caused Mao to send Red Guard to work on farms The Cultural Revolution

The Nuclear Arms Race 1949 – U.S.S.R. detonates their 1 st nuclear bomb U.S. & Soviet Union developed hydrogen bombs & missiles to carry them 1957 – Soviets launch Sputnik, 1 st satellite Both realized atomic weapons were too destructive to use, & became deterrents Superpowers locked in Balance of Terror Involvement in regional conflicts led to smaller wars

Krushchev & Eastern Europe Nikita Krushchev replaced Stalin after his death Krushchev condemned Stalinism which triggered unrest in Eastern Europe – Poland – Krushchev allowed striking workers to reform as long as they remained part of Warsaw Pact – Hungary – Soviet troops crushed government reform – East Berlin – Many fled to West, & Krushchev built Berlin Wall in 1961 – Czechoslovakia – Soviets sent tanks to stop revolution, & hard-line Communist leaders were put in power

Communism Comes to Latin America Poverty & oppression made it perfect for Communism 1959 – Fidel Castro overthrew Cuban rulers Promised democracy, but nationalized business U.S. stopped trade with Cuba Soviets lent support, & helped turn Cuba Communist 1961 – CIA trained Cuban exiles invade Cuba at Bay of Pigs

President Kennedy refused to support invasion, which later failed 1962 – American leaders discover Cubans are building bases for nuclear weapons Cuban Missile Crisis resulted in U.S. blockade of Cuba Weapons were withdrawn Krushchev’s failure led to removal from power in 1964 Communism Comes to Latin America

The War in Vietnam Vietnam divided after gaining independence Ho Chi Minh created Communist North Vietnam South Vietnam refused to hold elections to reunify the country Viet Cong, Communists, invaded South Vietnam America intervened in 1964

1973 – Americans withdraw after not being able to turn tide against Viet Cong 1975 – South Vietnam fell to Viet Cong, & country was reunited as Communist The War in Vietnam

Cambodia Withdrawal of Americans from Vietnam led to collapse of Cambodian government 1975 – Cambodian Communists, Khmer Rouge, seized control Pol Pot, leader, carried out a policy of genocide Killed 4 Million, but were eventually overthrown by Vietnamese intervention