International Road Safety Data, Policy Development and Cooperation Stephen Perkins Joint Transport Research Centre

The International Transport Forum at the OECD Think Tank Annual Summit Intergovernmental Organisation

Outline Policy for accelerating reductions in deaths and serious injuries Targets and the importance of data and analysis International benchmarking and policy transfer UN Decade of Action Improving data on serious injuries Transfer of evaluation results

Road Safety Policy Towards Zero: Ambitious Targets and the Safe System Approach Sweden and Netherlands have led the way Vision Zero and Sustainable Safety Inspiring long term vision to eliminate deaths and serious injuries Steady progress through interim targets based on funded interventions Netherlands targets 2020: Deaths < 500 Serious injuries < 10 600

Reduction in Fatalities: Change 2010/2001

Killed per 100 000 IRTAD countries 2010

Killed per Billion Vehicle km 2010

Ingredients for success reported by countries Active and passive safety of vehicles Passenger protection (EuroNCAP) Electronic Stability Control Speed management Automatic speed cameras Section control Safer infrastructure Expansion of Motorway network Median barriers Young drivers Graduated licensing Legislation Demerit point systems Random breath testing Lower BAC level for young and professional drivers

Policy context for success of the past decade Political awareness E.g.. President Chirac (France) in July 2002 ; Spain Adoption of safe system approach principles « Towards zero » progressively become the standard Sweden and NL were pioneers Adoption of road safety targets ECMT and EC (-50%) targets National targets Regular monitoring Road safety action plans

The UN Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020 11 May 2011

UN Decade of Action United Nations Road Safety Collaboration www.who.int/roadsafety/en/index.html www.roadsafetyfund.org

Five pillars for a Safe Systems approach - non monthly - DECADE GLOBAL PLAN Five pillars for a Safe Systems approach Managing road safety Safer Roads & Mobility Safer Vehicles Safer User behaviour Post-crash response www.who.int/roadsafety/decade_of_action/

UN Decade of Action Global Plan based on the safe system approach Five Pillars

Objectives: Maximise fundraising potential of the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety Promote the Tag to generate funds from corporate and philanthropic sectors and public

Private sector engagement: Global Supporters donate $150,000 per year, minimum 3 years - directed funding, to agreed project - undirected donation Supporters can join for $15,000 a year

Safe road infrastructure assessments in more than 60 countries.

‘helmets for kids’ in Vietnam and Cambodia Motorcycle safety campaigns and ‘helmets for kids’ in Vietnam and Cambodia

Research Collaboration to Benefit Safety of all Road Users

IRTAD: International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group Mission High standard road safety database Analysis of data with peers Network for road safety data and analysis professionals Expert working group Under the umbrella of ITF and OECD Funded separately by subscription from members IRTAD is a permanent road safety group of the OECD / ITF. It include around 60 members from 336countries. Its goal is to: Provide a world standard road safety database To establish a global network of road safety professions To conduct ad-hoc road safety analysis on specific topic (seatbelt, underreporting, linking hospital and police data ..) The OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development - is an interngovernment organisation which brings together 30 contries to support sustainable economic growth/ The Organisation provides a setting where governments compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and coordinate domestic and international policies. The International Transport Forum, is a sister organisation of the OECD; It includes 52 countries. The International Transport Forum is a global platform and meeting place at the highest level for transport, logistics and mobility. The aim of the Forum is to foster a deeper understanding of the essential role played by transport in the economy and society.   The highlight of the International Transport Forum's activities is the annual summit in Leipzig, which has the ambition to become the "Transport Summit of the Year".   2011 = Transport for Society. Including a high level event on road safety  

60 Members 33 Countries

Knowledge transfer: IRTAD Twinning Projects Objective to progressively expand geographical coverage, while keeping a high quality database Twinning : Existing Member + LMIC: Audit of national crash data system: collection and analysis Training focused on specific Regular exchanges of staff over 3 years Argentina – Spain: After one year, adoption in almost all Provinces of a common crash data form Cambodia – Netherlands Linking Police and Hospital Data Target seting for 2011-2020 road safety strategy Funding through voluntary contributions MOU with the World Bank FIA Foundation IADB, Others

Ibero American Road Safety Observatory Following the succesful twinning between Argentina – Spain Creation of the Ibero American Road Safety Observatory (OISEVI): Launched by 18 countries in March 2012 IRTAD LAC database with a Spanish interface Objective: learning tool and progressive inclusion in IRTAD

IRTAD MEMBER COUNTRIES IRTAD-LAC IRTAD membership Open to all countries (not only ITF/OECD countries) Current 33 members, including Jordan, Malaysia, Argentina, Cambodia Ambition is to progressively include more countries, while focusing on high quality data Co-operation programme in place for twinning projects between existing member and candidate coutnries from low and middle income countries to set up and improve good data collection and analysis system 24

The Serious Injury Problem Why slower progress? Can we trust the data? 2010 France Germany Fatalities 3 992 3 648 Hospitalised 30 393 62 620 Injured 84 461 371 170 x 2 x 4

We need better injury record systems To assess the real number of serious injuries Real costs of road crashes To understand the consequences of different crash types To design adequate countermeasures to reduce serious injures

Reporting injuries: IRTAD recommendations Complement police data with hospital data Medics not police to assess severity of injuries Classify injuries to international standards Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) Link police and hospital data Deterministic and probabilistic methods exist Agree an international definition of serious injuries for research and benchmarking Define ‘seriously injured road casualty’ as injuries assessed at level 3 or more on the Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale “MAIS3+”

Abbreviated Injury Scale MAIS3+ Example Region Injury description Abbreviated Injury Scale Head and Neck Cerebral contusion 3 Face No injury Chest Flail chest 4 Abdomen Minor contusion of liver Complex rupture of spleen 2 5 Extremity Fractured femur External MAXIMUM Report: http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/irtadpublic/pdf/Road-Casualties-Web.pdf

New Collaborative Road Safety Research Cycling Safety Motorcycling Safety Implementing the Safe System Approach

Sharing Road Safety Developing an International Framework for Crash Modification Functions Road safety policy is increasingly dependent on sound indicators of the effectiveness of countermeasures - CMFs are fundamental Prospect of rapid advances and major cost savings through the transfer of results internationally Transferability relies on analysing the extent to which a CMF is dependent on the circumstances in which it was developed Variability in CMF research results is a major deterrent to transferability - can be reduced by making the CMF a function of the relevant circumstances

Recommendations Road safety policies should undergo performance and efficiency evaluation - cannot be undertaken without CMFs Follow the guidance in the report and provide information on essential reporting elements Coordination of research on priority countermeasures should be considered within an international group (TRB, PIARC, other) Transnational database is needed for CMFs A concerted effort should be made to publicize benefits of decision-making based on CMFs

Conclusions Safe system principles standard for developing road safety policies. Implies a long term vision that no one killed or seriously injured. And interim targets based on modelled impact of measures adopted. Modelling impacts needs reliable crash modification functions. Needs good data and analysis, including injury data. Police and hosptial data are complementary and can be usefully linked. International definition of serious injury is needed - MAIS 3+ should be considered. International benchmarking and knowledge transfer important – enhanced opportunities in Decade of Action.

stephen.perkins@oecd.org www.internationaltransportforum.org Thank you stephen.perkins@oecd.org www.internationaltransportforum.org