EUROPE REVIEW MIDDLE AGES TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Name the Renaissance writer best known for writing sonnets.
Shakespeare Northern Renaissance: England
Who wrote the 95 Theses? Church door in Wittenburg
Martin Luther Luther lived in the northern German states of the Holy Roman Empire
Why did Martin Luther write the 95 Theses?
A list of 95 statements criticizing the Catholic Church The church door where Martin Luther nailed the 95 Theses in Wittenburg, Germany
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? Which Enlightenment thinker influenced it the most?
Thomas Jefferson John Locke
What did communism and socialism attempt to correct?
Correct the bad conditions and unequal incomes of the Industrial Revolution
What two groups did Marx say are always in conflict?
The Proletariat (the worker) and the Bourgeoisie (the wealthy factory owner). A proletariat ready to revolt
What were the effects of the Black Death?
Killed 1/3 of the population, forced farmers to diversify crops, peasants revolted, working class moved to the cities, feudal lords lost power.
What led to the decline of medieval times/ the middle ages?
The plague, 100 years war & rise of trade & commerce in towns
What was Martin Luther’s Justification by Faith about?
A person could be made good or just, simply by having faith in God’s mercy and love.
How does one become excommunicated?
A formal exclusion (removal) from participating in the Church ex: Martin Luther was excommunicated after the 95 Theses because it spoke ill of the Catholic Church.
What did Henry VIII do to religion in England?
The Catholic Church would not allow Henry to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Outraged he put religion in England under control of the monarchy. This allowed him to start the protestant reformation. He was able to get a divorce so he could marry again in hopes of Anne Boleyn birthing a son to take his throne.
What is absolutism? Give an example of an absolutist
a political system in which a monarchy holds supreme & unlimited power. Ex) Louis XIV, the Sun King
What is divine right?
a political theory when a ruler gets his/ her power directly from God (chosen by God to rule).
What is Isaac Newton known for?
The 3 Laws of Motion, especially the gravitation.
What is the Enclosure Movement?
Wealthy landowners fenced in common pastures & experimented with new technology, like crop rotation.
Define Alchemist
A scientist that experimented with the earliest forms of chemistry.
Explain the 3 Estates the existed in France before the French Revolution
FIRST ESTATE: Is made up of the clergy and only represents 1/2% of the total population. They control 65% of the land in France, making them the wealthiest estate. SECOND ESTATE: The Second Estate is made up of the nobility in France. They represent about 1-2% of the population and they control over 25% of the land. THIRD ESTATE: Make up 98% of the population, It is a diverse group of peasants, farmers, working class and middle class. Even though this group is large in population they only own 10% of the land in France. They are also burdened with heavy taxes.
What did Napoleon try to improve when he became the leader of France?
1. The education of all French children. 2. A stronger banking system & taxation for all. 3.Law: The Napoleonic Code4. The Catholic Church was reinstated as the Church of France.
What did the 3 rd Estate do on May 5, 1789?
They walked out of the Estates General Meeting & created their own National Assembly from the writing of the Tennis Court Oath.
What happened at the Bastille Prison?
The 3 rd Estate marched to the prison to demonstrate their disgust the monarchy and Louis XVI was forced to give up throne. This event is considered to be the start of the French Revolution.
Define Feudalism
A medieval political, economic and social system in which monarchs and lesser nobles made alliances based on exchanging land grants for loyalty. Peasants worked the land in exchange for food and shelter and knights protected the lands for the nobles and monarch.