High Performance Buildings and the Advanced Buildings Benchmark Design Guide Lee DeBaillie, P.E. - Energy Center of Wisconsin

What is High Performance? Human Needs Low Environmental Impact Economic Reality High Performance/Green/Sustainable Optimize

What is High Performance? Human Environmental Economic High Performance/Green 90% of time indoors ASHRAE 62.1 and 55 35% Total Energy 65% Electricity 35% US CO2 ASHRAE 90.1 $228 Billion Energy $450 Billion US GDP ASHRAE 90.1 Optimize

What’s out there Standards, Codes, Rating Systems, Guides… ASHRAE Standard 90.1 ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide Series ASHRAE GreenGuide Energy Star Buildings Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) State Energy Codes International Energy Conservation Code Advanced Buildings Benchmark Energy Policy Act of 2005 Net Zero Buildings ASHRAE Standard 189P Advanced Buildings Reference Guide

n ASHRAE 90.1 n Standard for Energy Efficient Design n International Energy Conservation Code n International Code Council n Easier to enforce, less flexible, allows 90.1 n State Energy Codes n WI: IECC2000/ /+Wisconsinisms n IL: IECC / (effective 4/8/06) n IA: IECC2004/ (4/1/06 begin interim period; mandatory Oct 1 st ) What’s out there Standards, Codes, State Codes - Energy Efficiency

n ASHRAE GreenGuide n Targeted to HVAC designers n Classic energy efficiency approaches n ASHRAE 90.1 User’s Manual n Detailed background on standard requirements n Application guidance, fundamentals n Advanced Buildings Reference Guide n n Targeted to all building systems What’s out there Reference Guides…Energy Efficiency

n ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide Series n Small Office: 30% over , <20,000ft2 n Small Retail soon: 30% over , <20,000ft2 n Medium Commercial in works: 30% over n One page of recommendations, integrated design What’s out there Design Guides…Energy Efficiency n Advanced Buildings Benchmark n Mid-Sized Commercial Buildings n 15%-30% over n Simple design criteria, integrated design

n Energy Star Buildings n Energy Efficiency Rating System n Actual performance n Energy Policy Act 2005 n $1.80/ft2 tax deduction – commercial n Commercial buildings 50% over n In service between n Many details, see: n Net Zero Buildings n The future… What’s out there Miscellaneous…

n Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) n Sites/water/energy/materials/IEQ n ASHRAE/USGBC/IESNA Standard 189P: n Standard for the Design of High Performance Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings n New Committee – available in 2007 n “Code ready”…minimum performance n Baseline for High Performance Buildings n Borrows from LEED…LEED will drive higher What’s out there Rating Systems…Sustainability

What is Advanced Buildings? n A program to promote High Performance Buildings through training, tours, guidebooks, and website. n Developed by the New Buildings Institute and Energy Center of Wisconsin. n Sponsored by a group of 20 utilities, efficiency organizations, and public benefits programs around the country. n Program is used by utilities for energy efficient new construction programs (but any firm can use resources in-house).

Focus of Advanced Buildings n Encourage and simplify the design of high performance buildings. n Focus on mid-sized commercial buildings (20,000-80,000 ft2). n Common types: office, education, retail, clinic, & storage.

Attributes of Mid-Sized Commercial Buildings n Designed fast, built fast n Standardized designs, proven technologies n Too small to justify detailed energy studies, large enough to use lots of energy. n Discrete design among disciplines. n Owner or tenant occupied, or speculative shell.

Website

Training, Tours, Virtual Tours

The Guidelines n Benefits Guide - (Why do it) Making the business case for high performance buildings to owners and developers. n Benchmark - (What to do) Design guidelines. n Reference Guide - (How to do it) Detailed information on the design guidelines, recent research results, cost estimates, further resources. n LEED Guide - Relationship of Benchmark to the LEED rating system. Free at

Benchmark Design Guide

USING THE BENCHMARK What to Do (Prescriptive Requirements) When to do it (The delivery process) Documentation Commissioning Envelope Mechanical Lighting Power Coordination (Integrated Design)

Benchmark Follows the ideal sustainable design approach… On-site generation Commissioning Improve System Efficiency Reduce Loads Benchmark Net Zero Integrated Design Prescriptive Requirements Commissioning Delivery Process Energy Consumption

Benchmark Integrated Design

TRADITIONAL PROCESS Owner Architect Engineer Contractors Owner Architecture HVAC Lighting Site INTEGRATED DESIGN STRATEGY Owner Needs

Benchmark & Reference Guides Integrated Design n The Reference Guide provides an overview of integrated design from pre-design through acceptance. For each design phase there is a: n Design Process Flowchart n Checklist of design issues n Discussion of important activities n Documentation requirements n The Benchmark maps each performance requirement to the point in the design process where it needs to be addressed and by whom. This provides a ready list of technical issues to be resolved at each stage of the design process.

Benchmark Prescriptive Requirements n Efficient Systems n Provides design criteria such as: R- values, kW/ton, W/ft2, etc. n Also goal setting, documentation, and commissioning. Prescriptive Criteria (10% to 30% beyond ASHRAE 90.1) Simulation Criteria (30% and 50% beyond ASHRAE 90.1) Extra Credit Criteria Basic Criteria All Projects plus, either Acceptance Testing

Basic - AIR BARRIER Air Barrier - Must be continuous Air-tight Connected to: Foundation and walls Walls and windows/doors Wall and roof Wall and floor Penetrations sealed

Prescriptive - Windows

Prescriptive – Lighting Power

Benchmark Economics n The Benchmark is based on cost-benefit analysis of energy savings measures across: n Mid-sized commercial building types such as office, big box retail, schools, supermarkets, etc. n All U.S. climate zones n National range of energy costs

Office Building Economics $1.00/sf $0.37/sf/yr $1.07/sf $0.39/sf/yr $.98/sf $0.38/sf/yr $0.67/sf $0.41/sf/yr $1.03/sf $0.38/sf/yr 1.06/sf $0.38/sf/yr $1.07/sf $0.38/sf/yr $1.06/sf $0.38/sf/yr $1.07/sf $0.39/sf/yr $0.91/sf $0.39/sf/yr $0.91/sf $0.40/sf/yr $0.73/sf $0.41/sf/yr $1.03/sf $0.40/sf/yr Top Number: Increased Capital Cost Bottom Number: Annual Energy Savings

Economics - Office National Average - All building types, climates, utility rates Saves $0.40/ft2 in energy costs annually (relative to ASHRAE Standard ) For an additional $1.00/ft2 in capital cost.

Benchmark and ASHRAE 90.1 n Benchmark is simple – only 21 criteria must be satisfied. ASHRAE 90.1 must be more flexible (and hence more complicated) to handle more building types. n Benchmark shoots higher. Total energy savings exceed ASHRAE by percent. n Benchmark provides information on how to do things. n Benchmark provides support for an integrated design process: when things should be considered and by whom. n Benchmark addresses additional energy systems such as plug loads and refrigeration. n The Reference Guide provides background, research, design, and cost information on implementing the energy savings measures.

Benchmark and 90.1 Office Building Prototype

Point Distribution

Benchmark and LEED n Similar situation in LEED-NC v2.2 - now earn automatic point under EA for Benchmark compliance – can avoid building simulation. n The LEED Guide provides detailed information on mapping the Advanced Buildings requirements to potential LEED points.

The Future… n Future Improvements to the Benchmark n Update to exceed ASHRAE n Provide more case studies n Provide more on HVAC and controls n Provide more field research results n Merge with ASHRAE Advanced Design Guide Series…?

The Future… n Sustainable design market is opening to those who: n Can cross discipline boundaries. n Approach the building as an integrated system. n Can quickly evaluate and quantify design options and new technologies at an early stage of design. n Can manage the risk of new approaches.

Advanced Buildings Lee DeBaillie, P.E. Energy Center of Wisconsin x111 High Performance Building Case Studies More on the tax credits