Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Economics of Green Buildings 27 th April 2012 Dr. Hina Zia, TERI New Delhi

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats The Present Construction sector contributes to 12% of India’s GDP and growing at 9.2% Residential/commercial sector accounts for >30% of total electricity consumption Domestic water consumption is 30 billion m3 and projected increase to 111 billion m3 by 2050 Only 27% of waste water generated in urban India is treated Construction industry generates 12 million tonnes of waste annually and 42 million metric tonnes (MMT) of solid waste is generated daily in the urban areas of the country

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Environmentally benign buildings are the need of the hour It is our responsibility to provide a healthy and resource efficient urban environment, not only for us but also, for generations to come How can green buildings help?

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Green buildings - have minimal impact on their site and surroundings - and improve the micro- climate through better tree cover, cooler ambient temperatures, shading, etc.

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats - are energy efficient (minimize electricity and fuel consumption) and maximize use of renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, etc.) - and can save energy by 40-50% Green buildings

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Use very less water and promote recycling and reuse of water Enable solid waste segregation, management and generation of resources from wastes Save water by up to 40% and promote maximum recycling and reuse of waste Green buildings

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Green buildings  Have minimal negative impact on people  Catalyse healthy and productive work environment

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Green Building/Sustainable buildings  A green building is a sustainable building, designed, constructed and operated to minimise the total environmental impacts while enhancing user comfort and productivity.  An integrated approach looking at following aspects of the building design: - Site planning - Building envelope design - Building system design (HVAC, lighting, electrical and water heating) - Integration of renewable energy sources to generate energy onsite - Water and waste management - Selection of ecologically sustainable materials - Indoor environmental quality

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Tools and techniques to promote green buildings  Minimum Energy/Building performance Standards Appliances/Equipment Buildings  Labeling of Energy Performance Appliances/Equipment Buildings Green Building rating & Certification  Financial Incentives  Industry-capacity building Centers of excellence Energy performance benchmarking Sponsored R & D Building Audit Programs  Leading-by-example programs Demonstration buildings  Consumer awareness raising  Policy Enforcement infrastructure

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation of a green building,and in turn ….measure “greenness” of a building in India What gets measured gets managed

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Set of 34 criteria 100 (+4 innovation points) point system with differential weightage on various criteria      Highlights

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Weightage based on our National Priorities GRIHA innovation points over and above 100 points

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Key highlights of GRIHA  Sets out guidelines for design, construction and operation  Combination of qualitative and quantitative criteria  Sets performances benchmarks for key resources like, energy and water  Facilitates integration of traditional knowledge on architecture with present day technology  Integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards(e.g National building code 2005, Energy Conservation Building Code 2007, IS codes)  Is in complete alignment with government policies and programs (e.g Environmental clearance by the MoEF)  Building types  Commercial/Institutional  Residential  5 climatic zones  Hot – Dry  Warm – Humid  Composite  Temperate  Cold

Building Envelope impact on Energy Performance

Energy Efficient Envelope-Wall 9 inch Brick Wall + 1 inch cement plaster on both sides U Value btu/f2/hr/degF 9 inch Brick Wall + 1 inch plaster on both sides + 3 inch Insulation U Value btu/f2/hr/degF Conventional case Energy Efficient Case WALL

Energy Efficient Envelope-Roof U Value btu/ft2/hr/degF U Value btu/ft2/hr/degF Conventional case Energy Efficient Case Roof 4 inch brick coba 1 inch plaster + 1 inch brick tile + 8 inch RCC 4 inch brick coba 1 inch plaster + 1 inch brick tile + 8 inch RCC 3 inch insulation +

Energy Efficient Envelope-Glass U Value btu/ft2/hr/degF SHGC – U Value btu/ft2/hr/degF SHGC – U Value btu/ft2/hr/degF SHGC – 0.25 for WWR <40% U Value btu/ft2/hr/degF SHGC – 0.25 for WWR <40% Conventional case Energy Efficient Case GLASS

Impact of Efficient Envelope Base Case % Efficient Envelope 153 Impact on Cooling load (TR) Base Case % Efficient Envelope 163 Impact on EPI (kWh/m2/yr)

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats GRIHA Compliant Building: ECBC + 37% 45% ECBC Compliance: Insulation High Performance glass Controls Efficient electrical, mechanical and lighting systems Incremental cost: 15% Payback period < 5 years GRIHA Compliance: ECBC + Passive principles (shading, orientation, controlled glass area) Higher indoor design conditions (higher by 1 deg C) Optimized lighting design Little incremental cost:2-5% or lesser Payback period: < 4 years kWh/yr

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Moving towards net zero energy building… Renewable Energy (solar hot water integration and solar PV integration) Energy efficient design (ECBC + low energy/passive strategies) + GRIHA approach (combine ECBC with traditional wisdom and normative requirements of National Building Code) Promote through several schemes of the MNRE BEE program on implementation of ECBC, Star rated Appliances

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats EPI >250 EPI <200 EPI <150 EPI Unit is kWh/m2/annum Trend in Energy Performance Index

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats ARE GREEN/GRIHA BUILDINGS EXPENSIVE?

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats First 5 star rated GRIHA building in IIT Kanpur Trees preserved and protected Outdoor solar lights N-S Orientation with shading (roof/window) Lesser paving Solar PV and Solar Thermal systems

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Impact of Energy Efficiency measures on costs  Key energy efficiency features that added to cost (35 lacs) High performance glazing (Incremental cost of Rs 12.5 lacs) Roof insulation(Incremental cost of Rs 7 lacs) Efficient lighting with controls(incremental cost of Rs 9 lacs) High efficiency chillers/pumps/fans (about 34 TR which is 30% of total tonnage was saved, hence there was a decrease in cost by about Rs 4 lacs) Earth air tunnel (Rs 11 lacs) Annual energy savings : Rs 18.5 lacs Payback: < 2 years Built up area is 4240 sqm of which 1912 sqm is air conditioned

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Annual Energy Savings EPI = 240 kWh/m 2 per annum EPI = 208 kWh/m 2 per annum EPI = 133 kWh/m 2 per annum EPI = 168 kWh/m 2 per annum EPI = 98 kWh/m 2 per annum Initial energy performance Final energy performance 61% savings Envelope optimisation Lighting optimisation Efficient chiller Controls for HVAC system

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats S P Infocity, Manesar Spazzio Design Architecture Limited

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats IT park in Delhi  Key energy efficiency features that added to cost (1 crore) High performance glazing (Incremental cost of Rs 79 lacs) Roof insulation(Incremental cost of 5 lacs) Efficient lighting with controls(incremental cost of 7.7 lacs) High efficiency chillers/pumps/fans (about 108 TR which is 25% of total tonnage was saved, hence there was only a marginal increase in cost by about 8.6 lacs) Annual energy savings : 60 lacs Built up area is sqm of which 7050 sqm is air conditioned

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Comparison of initial cost ( per sq.m.) of Green vs conventional buildings

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Building envelope: 39% Systems: 35% Lighting & control: 15% Towards green rating: 12% Components of green building cost increment

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Financial feasibility assessment of Green Buildings Life cycle cost of Green buildings is lower as compared to conventional buildings

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Financial feasibility assessment of Green Buildings Discounted payback periods ranging from 1 to 3 years

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Are Green Buildings Costly?? 2000 Rs/sqft 200 kWh/m 2 -yr 350 kWh/m 2 -yr 3000~4000 Rs/sqft 210 kWh/m 2 -yr 40% reduction 4000~4500 Rs/sqft 120 kWh/m 2 -yr 2500 Rs/sqft 40% reduction