IGNEOUS ROCKS.

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Igneous Rock Formation

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Presentation transcript:

IGNEOUS ROCKS

Created by the solidification (crystallization) of magma or lava U S R C K Created by the solidification (crystallization) of magma or lava

Formed on surface of earth from crystallization of lava 2 TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS 1. EXTRUSIVE (volcanic) Formed on surface of earth from crystallization of lava

Formed underground from crystallization of magma 2 TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS 2. INTRUSIVE (Plutonic) Formed underground from crystallization of magma

Medium/Large Crystals CRYSTALLIZATION Intrusive Rocks Cooled Slowly Medium/Large Crystals Extrusive Rocks Cooled Quickly Small/No Crystals

8 most common elements in crust % of Crust by weight Oxygen 46.6 Silicon 27.7 Aluminum 8.1 Iron 5.0 Calcium 3.6 Sodium 2.8 Potassium 2.6 Magnesium 2.1 All Others 1.5 The chemical composition of a magma/lava determines which minerals will form

In between mafic and felsic -- some of everything Types of Magma/Lava Type Chemical Composition Rocks from this type E=Extrusive; I=Intrusive Mafic Fe, Mg, Ca E = Basalt I = Gabbro Felsic Si, O, Al, Na E = Rhyolite I = Granite Intermediate In between mafic and felsic -- some of everything E = Andesite I = Diorite

*4

IGNEOUS ROCKS MAFIC ROCK Dark Colors High in Fe & Mg MORE DENSE FELSIC ROCK Light Colors High in Al & SiO2 LESS DENSE

HOW IGNEOUS ROCKS CRYSTALLIZE Since every mineral has a unique freezing temperature, minerals crystallize out of a magma in a very specific order.

BOWEN'S REACTION SERIES Temperature Discontinuous Series Continuous Series Rock Type (E/I) Ultramafic Peridotite Mafic Basalt/Gabbro Intermediate Andesite/ Diorite Felsic Rhyolite/ Granite Olivine Ca-rich 1400 C 1200 C 1050 C 800 C 600 C Pyroxene Plagioclase Feldspar Amphibole Biotite Na-rich Orthoclase Feldspar + Muscovite Mica Quartz

PLATE TECTONICS & IGNEOUS ROCKS MAFIC Ocean crust, mantle rock, more dense and will sink Divergent Plate Boundaries Hot Spots FELSIC Continental Crust, less dense so will float Collision Zones Sliding Plate Boundaries INTER-MEDIATE Where mafic and felsic rock mixes Subduction Zones

IGNEOUS ROCKS