Human Settlements Transport- ation Environment Recreation Energy Health Forestry Agriculture Water

Doña Ana Ascensión Juárez El Paso Hudspeth Guadalupe P.G. Guerrero Otero Rio Grande Río Bravo Elephant Butte Caballo Pecos Salt Basin El Paso Cd. Juárez Las Cruces

Hueco Bolson Tularosa Basin Jornada del Muerto Mesilla Bolson Conejos Médanos Rio Grande Aquifer

2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, , Historical Population Growth 2,073, Mexican Water Treaty 1938 – Rio Grande Compact – Drought of Record Doña Ana County El Paso County Juárez Municipio 43, – Mexican Water Treaty

5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 Projected Population Growth 6,000, ,000, ,000 1,082,000 2,518,000 3,929,000? 2,073,000

Doña Ana County New Mexico Doña Ana County New Mexico El Paso County Texas El Paso County Texas Juárez Municipio Chihuahua Juárez Municipio Chihuahua Surface Water Allocation 36,400 ha 27,900 ha 12,100 ha 174,682 1,218, , Mm Mm 3 74 Mm 3 Irrigated Land (in ha) Surface Water Allocation (in Mm 3 ) Population

Per Capita Water Use (liters/person/day) 1980 Per Capita Water Use Trends El Paso Cd. Juárez

250 km 128 o 52 o Albuquerque Lubbock Hermosillo Tucson Phoenix Chihuahua Midland Odessa

New Mexico / Texas Water Commission City of Las Cruces Do  a Ana County El Paso Water Utilities Elephant Butte Irrigation District El Paso County Water Improvement District No. 1 New Mexico State University (WRRI) Texas A&M University (Research Center) University of Texas at El Paso

Impediments to Rationalizing Water Allocation Fragmentation of jurisdictions & separate regulation of surface and ground waters Information voids / reticence to share information Limitations on transferring surface water to M&I use Continued rapid population growth Limited financial means to address water / wastewater problems among different jurisdictions

Alphabet Soup of Water Management IBWC / CILA EPCWID / EBID / 009 USBR / COE / CNA EPA / SEMARNAT BECC / COCEF TCEQ / OSE USF&WS / ISC

Surface Water as a Public Resource Surface Water by by Prior Appropriation (Adjudication in Process) Rio Grande Río Bravo Surface Water by by Prior Appropriation (Unadjudicated) Ground Water by Prior Appropriation Absolute Ownership Doctrine (“Right of Capture”) Ground Water as a Public Resource Fundamental Differences in Water Laws

Perspectives Knowledge / Timeframe Political Influence

Binational Water Program Programa Binacional del Agua UTEP awarded a Ford Foundation Grant Hosted Series of Workshops Program coupled with an EDA Grant Technical Studies & Community Dialogue Publication of a “Sustainable Water Use Strategy” – 1998 One recommendation was the creation of a Binational Water Management District

A Model: Paso del Norte Air Quality Task Force Binational Government / Business / NGO Catalyst for shared action Ultimate Vision: international air quality management district Led to formation of the Joint Advisory Committee

Air versus Water Air Pollution is a Contaminant –Water is a Resource Laws regarding Air Pollution are relatively Recent –Water law has a Long History Air is not Owned –Water rights are fully Allocated Few institutions govern Air Quality –Numerous Institutions are involved in water resource management Air Pollution is a Contaminant –Water is a Resource Laws regarding Air Pollution are relatively Recent –Water law has a Long History Air is not Owned –Water rights are fully Allocated Few institutions govern Air Quality –Numerous Institutions are involved in water resource management

Paso del Norte Water Task Force Strategy for Accommodating Diverse Points-of-view Business Interests Municipal Water Utilities Water Researchers Irrigation Districts Civic Organizations

Business Leader Municipal Water Utility Water Expert Irrigation District Community Leader Texas IBWC / CILA Commissioners Support Team (Academicians & NGOs) Paso del Norte Water Task Force Structure Business Leader Municipal Water Utility Water Expert Irrigation District Community Leader Chihuahua Business Leader Municipal Water Utility Water Expert Irrigation District Community Leader New Mexico

Paso del Norte Watershed Council U.S. Army – Fort Bliss Directorate of the Environment U.S. Bureau of Reclamation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. IBWC Ysleta del Sur Pueblo New Mexico Department of Agriculture New Mexico State University (WRRI) Texas A&M – Extension Service Universidad Autónoma de Cd. Juárez University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Water Utilities ASCE – Environmental & Water Resources Institute Chihuahuan Desert Rescue Environmental Defense Keystone Heritage Park League of Women Voters Rio Grande Restoration Southwest Environmental Center World Wildlife Fund

Far West Texas Water Planning Group Counties (3) Municipalities (3) Water Districts (2) Water Utilities (1) Ground Water Conservation Districts (2) Agriculture (1) Industry (1) Environmental (1) Economic Development (1) Travel & Tourism (1) Building / Real Estate (1) Small Business Electric Generating Utilities (1) Public (2) Other (2) Non-Voting Members (14)

Alphabet Soup of Water Organizations Aqua 21 Far West Texas Water Planning Group Lower Rio Grande Water Users Association New Mexico / Texas Water Commission Paso del Norte Water Task Force Paso del Norte Watershed Council Border 2012 – NM/TX/CHIH Water Task Force CHIWAWA Rio Grande / Rio Bravo Basin Coalition Forgotten River Advisory Committee

SUSTAINABILITY: Meeting the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. from the Brundtland Report, Our Common Future World Commission on Environment & Development

Sustainable Population Parameters Population (in millions) Per Capita Water Use (liters per person per day) Surface Water 740 Mm 3 Natural Recharge 30 Mm 3 No Agriculture, 50% Recycling No Agriculture, No Recycling 50% Agriculture, No Recycling

Membership includes Israelis, Palestinians & Jordanians FoEME Friends of the Earth - Middle East Affiliated with Friends of the Earth International Acts as an ‘umbrella’ for several Mid-East environmental groups

Egypt Saudi Arabia Iraq Turkey Syria Jordan Lebanon Israel West Bank Gaza Strip

= = = =

Water Use Management Criteria: 1.Impact on Available Water Supply 2.Technically Feasible 3.Environmental Impact 4.Economically Feasible 5.Implications for Intergenerational Equity Committee on Sustainable Water Supplies for the Middle East

Criterion 1.Impact on Available Water Supply Technically Feasible Environmental Impact0+/-+/0+/- 4.Economically Feasible ++/-+/-+/- 5.Implications for ++/0++ Intergenerational Equity Demand Management Urban Agriculture Industry Pricing

Criterion 1.Impact on Available Water Supply+/-++ 2.Technically Feasible++/-+ 3.Environmental Impact+/-+/-- 4.Economically Feasible +/-+/-+ 5.Implications for +?- Intergenerational Equity Augmenting Supplies Watershed Management Water Harvesting Ground Water Overdraft

Criterion 1.Impact on Available Water Supply Technically Feasible Environmental Impact++/-+- 4.Economically Feasible +/-+/-+- 5.Implications for ++/0+? Intergenerational Equity Reclamation, Marginal Water, & Desalination Wastewater Reclamation Marginal Quality Water Brackish Water Desalination Seawater Desalination

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Applied to the Individual Survival NeedsSecurity NeedsSocial NeedsStatus NeedsSelf-actualization

Community EconomyCommunity StabilityCommunity LinkagesCommunity ProminenceQuality-of-life Environmental Enhancement Diversity of Opportunity Environmental Protection Current Focus in the Middle East Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Applied to the Community

Scenarios for Cooperative Planning Individual actions based on parochial interests Guarded dialogue and limited cooperation Forthright information-sharing & willingness to engage in projects of mutual benefit

1.There is no magical leadership structure – just people & relationships. 2.Collaboration is messy & frustrating … but indispensable! 3.No one is excluded; no one is excused. Collaborative Planning Principles

Commerce Conflicting Interests Municipal Water Needs Agricultural Water Needs Nature Quality of Life Recreation Social Equity Industry Emerging Technologies Public Health Tribal Concerns Water Institutions Neighborhoods

Collaboration Principle #4: As the Table Gets Larger … … It Gets Rounder.

1.There is no magical leadership structure – just people and relationships. 2.Collaboration is messy and frustrating … but indispensable! 3.No one is excluded; no one is excused. 4.As the table gets larger, it gets rounder. 5.As the process continues, the agenda gets tougher. 6.It’s never over. Collaborative Planning Principles

Tools for Possible Solutions Conservation Technology Financial Capability Region-based Cooperation Water Markets Growth Management

Not to know what happened before one was born is to live always as a child. – Cicero