Immigration, Progressive Reform, Suffrage United States History - Mrs. O'Shea and Mrs. Curran 4/21/2017 Immigration, Progressive Reform, Suffrage

European Immigrants Came through Ellis Island 1892-1924 – 17 million immigrants were processed http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/irish.html

Physical and Mental Test

Asian Immigrants Angel Island 1910-1940 – 50,000 Chinese Immigrants

Mexican and West Indies (Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico) Immigrants El Paso, Texas 1880-1920 – 260,000 immigrants

African Immigrants 300 years of slave trade - 15 million to 20 million Africans were transported to the Americas. 400,000 to United States

What is your story? Research Paper Interview family members. http://www.ancestry.com/facts/Dunne-immigration.ashx http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aalives/videos/index.html Research Interview family members. Dig through family documents, pictures, etc. Research online. Paper Summarize findings. MUST BE TYPED!!!!! Describe your family. Where are they from? How far back were you able to go? Any unique stories? Anything surprising about your research?

Tenement Slum Living

Tenement Life Run down buildings Overcrowded- An entire family living in one room; multiple families living on the same floor Little light or ventilation Horrible sanitation: No garbage pick-up; no plumbing, smelly Conditions caused disease that was easily spread

Dumbbell Tenement

Triangle Shirtwaist Co. Fire 1911- New York City, 10-story building Doors locked from the outside One fire escape- rusted and collapsed Workers jumped to their deaths or perished in the smoke and flames 146 workers died

Muckrakers Derogatory name: “earn their livelihood by telling scandalous falsehoods about honest men” Many brought attention to tragic truth: Living conditions Working conditions Business Practices Child Labor Conditions of food processing factories Corruption in government Prison Conditions

Municipal (City) Reform Cities take over Utilities Water, gas, electricity Regulate/eliminate monopolies Many cities began providing welfare services work relief programs, free kindergartens, housing for homeless, etc.

State Reform Reforms in the Workplace Curbed hazards Accident insurance and compensation systems Limited working hours 2/3 of states eliminated child labor Minimum wages were established

Chicago Meat Inspectors 1906 Federal Reform Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act (Roosevelt influence by the Jungle) Constitutional Amendments 16th = Federal income taxes 17th = Direct election of senators 18th = Abolition of alcohol Chicago Meat Inspectors 1906

Beginnings of the Suffrage Movement First formally demanded right to vote at Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Not allowed to vote Husbands had legal power over their wives Working women paid only a fraction of what men earned Women had no means to gain an education since no college would accept women students Women were robbed of their self-confidence and self-respect, and were made totally dependent on men

Anti-Suffrage Movement

National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Leaders: Goals: Methods Used: Congressional Union (CU) Leaders: Goals: Methods Used:

Nineteenth Amendment 1920 Extended the right to vote to women