By Morgan Cowder c7e45439f0- password for the online book

 A city charter closely resembles? ~ Constitution

1. Municipality 2. Weak-mayor system 3. County 4. A village usually lies within the boundaries of the larger local government, such as a township or county 5. It allows them to write their own charter, choose its own type of government, and manage its own business 6. A county assessor evaluates the value of property in a county 7. A disadvantage is that all the people in the town have to be there; an advantage is that all of the people in the town get their vote accounted for.

1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. B

 Person who tends to dominate city? ~Strong-mayor system

 What is it called when the mayor has most of the power? ~strong-mayor system  What is it called when the mayor doesn’t have very much power? ~weak-mayor system  Who investigates crimes, murders, and suspicious deaths? ~coroner  How has the American population changed over the last one hundred years? ~it increased  Who investigates crimes, brings charges against suspected lawbreakers, and prosecutes the cases in court? ~district attorney

 In which form of city government are legislative and executive powers held by the same person or group? ~ Commission

 Earth day!!!  List 1 thing I will learn about in chapter 14? ~ sources of public policy

1. Public policy 2. Government, political parties, interest groups, the media, private citizens 3. Planning commissions oversee community growth 4. Infrastructure 5. It has to find what it values most, define its specific goals, and rank those goals in importance 6. A master plan sets the goals of the community and how those goals will be achieved. After the local government passes the master plan, it becomes ‘public’ policy.

 Step 1: I choose ENVIRONMENT ~ The French Creek in Northwestern Pennsylvania houses more species of fish and freshwater mussels than any other stream in the Northeast US, including the unique eastern hellbender, a large aquatic salamander. (below) Kayakers on the Delaware River heading towards the Ben Franklin Bridge. PEC promotes river recreation as a sustainable, local recreation opportunity. (above)

1. _________ plan states specific goals and describes how the government will carry out. ~master plan - I want to be on the honor roll with 3 A’s in every quarter - I want to have my own pet as my responsibility - Master the cello

1. Knowing what a community’s recourses are, they can start their master plan 2. A short-term plan, and a long-term plan 3. The purpose of a master plan is to be able to reach goals with the public. 4. It helps the community know what it wants to do for the next year to make it a better place. private citizens media political parties interest groups Public policy comes from

1. I am researching C. L. “Butch” Otter, the governor of Idaho.

 I need pictures on each slide.

1. How many points is the power point worth? ~50 points

1. What does elaborate mean? Go into further detail, expand, explain.

 Length of power point slides?: ~at least 3 minutes

1. The correct spelling is: Works Cited

1. Does the U.S. Constitution mention education? ~No, general education has always been under the control of the individual states.

1. All students in grades 3 through eight must take state tests in reading, math, science 2. They have low test scores. High drop out rates and crime rates. 3. Funds $$in private schools, and not public schools

 Schools that receive state funding, but are excused from meeting many public school regulations? ~charter schools

1. A charter school receives state funding, but is excluded from public school regulations 2. When a company runs the school and provides more funding for the school and profit for the company 3. They feel that vouchers funnel education funds out of public schools and into private schools, and it violates the first amendment’s freedom of religion. 4. No because the schools wont get much funding if the government pulls out of the situation.

Charter schools For More innovative and more successful. Against They take the best students from the public schools along with the funding.

Booker T. Washington

 1. How did Booker T. Washington support himself as a child?  He worked in a salt furnace and a coal mine.  2. In what way did Booker T. Washington find better work for himself?  He was educated at Hampton Institute. Became a teacher and helped organize Tuskegee Institute  3. What kind of education did students receive at Tuskegee Institute?  Students received instruction in technical skills, such as building and agricultural practices

 4. What did Booker T. Washington assert in the “Atlanta Compromise”  He claimed that African Americans needed to attain economic equality before they could think of working for civil rights.  5. What were the strengths and weaknesses of Booker T. Washington’s approach to education?  Washington’s approach ensured that students would receive a solid technical education and would be able to support themselves. His pragmatism, however, resigned African Americans to an inferior position, and it did not provide them the means to attain social equality or civil rights.

1. President George W. Bush hoped that the No Child Left Behind Act would improve public education by ~making schools more accountable for student’s learning

 Which of the following groups is practicing environmentalism? ~Volunteers who pull trash out of rivers in the spring. Test may 14 th

1. Protecting our environment 2. The EPA sets goals and standards that implement by monitoring air and water quality and by inspecting industrial facilities 3. Incineration and recycling 4. they started the EPA, the clean water act, and the endangered species act 5. They set emission standards for automobiles 6. Landfills, incineration, and recycling.

 Madd  Planning commission  Infrastructure  Short term  Master plan  The states  Charter schools  Tuition voucher  Temporary assistance for needy families  5

1. Chapter 14 vocab due tomorrow! 2. Congress established the Environmental Protection Agency in order to? ~Reduce pollution

1. When you recycle, you are reducing the solid waste in landfills. 2. When you protect the environment. 3. There is no safe way to dispose hazardous waste. 4. I think that the air pollution is the worst because the pollution levels are too high. If they get any higher, the ozone layer of the earth will have so many holes that we, along with all other plants and animals on earth, will be incinerated.

5. Fighting Pollution Driving less Recycle more Carpool Energy efficient cars and appliances Stop smoking Stop using pesticides

1. Critics of welfare programs believe that welfare promotes: ~Dependency ~ Test Friday!

1. Set priorities and evaluate its resources. 2. The local school districts 3. They can give out tuition vouchers, $$$ protect students against discrimination, and sets rules for state tests. 4. The Clean Air Act 5. Public policy is concerned with the decisions and actions of govt. as it deals with issues and problems as it affects the community. Ideas come from government, political parties, interest groups, or the media may suggest them. 6. People feel vouchers funnel education funds out of public schools system and into private schools and violates the first amendment.

 7. NIMBY!!!

1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. A

1. When the local Parent Teacher Association asks how many volunteers will help clean up the playground, they are evaluating: ~ Resources

 What is another name for poison? ~toxic  What is the health, prosperity, and happiness of a community called? ~ welfare  What is the abbreviation for not in my backyard? ~ N.I.M.B.Y  What is a plan that is supposed to take place in a few years? ~ short term plan  The Clean Air Act of 1970 set standards for what? ~car emissions

1. Broad policy that guides a community’s future needs? ~ long-term plan

 First known system of written law?  The Code of Hammurabi

► 1. What are four things that laws do? ► They keep the peace and prevent violent acts, set punishments, include the administration of justice, and set rules for resolving disagreements. ► 2. What makes a law a good law? ► A good law must treat people equally, be reasonable, be understandable by ordinary people, and be enforceable by the government.

► 3. What is the name of the first system of written laws? ► Code of Hammurabi ► 4. How did Roman law spread around the world? ► As Roman Empire grew, it brought Roman law with them when they took over Europe and parts of Africa and Asia. ► 5. What effect did French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte have on the Justinian Code ► He updated it and called it the Napoleonic Code

► 6. What was the most important source of American law? ► English Law ► 7. What is common law? ► Law based on court decisions rather than on a legal code

 What is the most important source of American law? ~page 429 ~English Law

1. A precedent is part of a common law. 2. To keep peace and to prevent violent acts. 3. Ten Commandments and the English Law. 4. American law still follows the tradition of precedents, individual rights…

Code of HammurabiEnglish law Ten Commandments Roman law Examples of kinds of laws

Term Latin originEnglish meaning BailTo carry a burdenTemporary release in exchange for security Ex post factoFrom a thing done afterward After the fact JuryJuraureBody of persons sworn to give a verdict Writ of habeas corpus“you should have the body”Bring a party before a court or judge, protection from illegal imprisonment

 A party that brings charges- ~plaintiff  Individual or group accused- ~defendant

1. Criminal law, civil law, and public law. 2. The system in the United States in which the courtroom serves as an arena in which lawyers for opposing sides present their strongest cases. 3. The plaintiff is the party that brings the charges, and the defendant is the party that is accused. 4. Murder, rape, kidnapping, robbery, etc. 5. A lawsuit 6. If you fall and break a leg on your neighbors ice, you can sue them. 7. Ida Wells-Barnett 8. Limits of the govts. power and the right of the individuals

1. Larceny 2. Robbery 3. Burglary

1. Smith “took” Taylor Hicks’s songs and put it on I-tunes hoping that he could make a profit off of his songs. 2. D the name of the judge 3. A 4. A

1. A defendant is a person who the plaintiff is trying to sue. 2. For disputes or damages in some way. 3. Refers to the rules and regulations that the executive branch must make to carry out its job. It is considered part of public law because it might include an individual changing government with wrongdoing. 4. Constitutional law, because it deals with the branch of law 5. Criminal, because it keeps the world in justice.

Criminal laws Civil laws Drunk driving Negligence Murder, armed robbery Child custody

1. A serious crime, such as murder? ~ a felony

1. Murder 2. In the first trial, there were no Mexican Americans in the jury. In the second trial, there was no segregation, and Hernandez went free. 3. There were no Mexican Americans on the jury for 25 years, even though the its Mexican American percentage was 14%(6,000 jurors, and no Mexican Americans). 4. He was innocent the 2 nd time. 5. Since the absence, Hernandez was going to be considered guilty.

1. You have the right to remain silent? ~Miranda rights

1. It is a law that allows a person not to be arrested for a crime before it was illegal. 2. They guarantee due process of law. 3. To ensure that our legal system works as it should and that our legal rights are protected. 4. A judge’s authorization. 5. To decide whether the government has enough evidence to bring them to trial. 6. Plea bargaining 7. The death penalty was unconstitutional. 8. They might think the crime is too serious, the criminal’s record is bad, and the ability of the accused to avoid with bail and must be punished.

1. Which of the following is a safe guard against being kept in jail unlawfully? ~Writ of Habeas Corpus

 Our constitution does not allow ex post facto laws or bill of attainder laws.  Several amendments in the B.O.R. protect all citizen's legal rights before the law  It grantees us citizens the right to know why they have been arrested.

1. The equal protection clause? ~Requires government to treat all people equally.

1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. B

 What is a sum of money an arrested person pays to a court to win release from jail?  Bail  What is a negotiation between defense attorney and the prosecutor?  Plea bargaining  Which amendment outlaws “cruel and unusual punishments”?  Eighth amendment  Who decides if the defendant can post bail?  The judge