আমার উপস্থাপনায় সকলকে সু-স্বাগতম

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Presentation transcript:

আমার উপস্থাপনায় সকলকে সু-স্বাগতম

আমি মোঃ লুৎফর রহমান লেকচারার(ইলেক) টেকনিক্যাল টিচার্স ট্রেনিং কলেজ আমি মোঃ লুৎফর রহমান লেকচারার(ইলেক) টেকনিক্যাল টিচার্স ট্রেনিং কলেজ

THESE ARE COMPLEX ELECTRIC CIRCUITS:

শ্রেনীঃ ১ম পর্ব ডিপ্লোমা-ইন-ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং কোর্স শ্রেনীঃ ১ম পর্ব ডিপ্লোমা-ইন-ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং কোর্স বিষয়ঃ বেসিক ইলেকট্রিসিটি (ই. টি. – ১১৪) পাঠ শিরনামঃ - কারশফ-এর সুত্র। সময়ঃ - ৫০ মিনিট।

পূর্বের ক্লাশে আমরা ওহমের সূত্র নিয়ে আলচনা করেছিঃ + + VR E - - We know from Ohm’s Law- VR = E = I × R

শিখনফল কারশফ-এর সুত্র দুই-টি বলতে (বিবৃত ) পারবে। সিরিজ, প্যারালেল ও মিক্স সার্কিট-এর সমতুল রেজিটেন্স নির্নয় করতে পারবে। ঐ সমস্ত সার্কিট দিয়ে প্রবাহিত মোট কারেন্ট-এর পরিমান নির্নয় করতে পারবে।

পাঠ-উপস্থাপন ও উন্নয়ন কারশফ-এর সূত্রঃ পাঠ-উপস্থাপন ও উন্নয়ন কারশফ-এর সূত্রঃ Kirchhoff’s law is subdivided into two laws:- Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law(KVL). Kirchhoff’s Current Law(KCL).

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law(KVL) “Around any complete circuit, the algebraic sum of the electromotive forces equals the algebraic sum of the voltage drops.” N.B. This law applied series circuit only.

The series shown in the figure below: According to the KVL:- E = V1 + V2 + V3 --- (i)

Where, E = Electromotive force applied to the circuit. V1 = Voltage drop in the resistor ‘R1’ = I × R1 V2 = Voltage drop in the resistor ‘R2’ = I × R2 V3 = Voltage drop in the resistor ‘R3’ = I × R3 N.B. The current in all resistances is same in this circuit.

Substituting the values of the respective voltage drops in the first defined KVL equation –(i): E = I R1 + I R2 + I R3 ------ (ii) Now the current I, is factored out- E = I ( R1 + R2 + R3 ) ------ (iii)

From the equation-(iii), we can write— E = I × RO -------- (iv) Where, RO = (R1 + R2 + R3 ) ------(v) The resistance RO is called the total or equivalent resistance of the given circuit. Hence, “The equivalent resistance of a series circuit is the sum of the equivalent resistances.”

RO = R1 + R2 + R3 + --------- Rn –(vi) Now, the equivalent resistance of n-number of series resistances can written as— RO = R1 + R2 + R3 + --------- Rn –(vi) Eample: Find the voltage drops(V1,V2,V3), the total current the equivalent resistance of the given circuit for E = 12V. =1.5Ώ =2Ώ =2.5Ώ

I Kirchhoff’s Current Low(KCL): “At any junction point , the sum of the currents entering to the point is equals the sum of the currents leaving the point.” I

Application of KCL: Parallel circuit: Figure-2 I1 = IT I1 I1 I2 I3 Here by KCL, IT = I1 + I2 + I3 ------- (i)

Now, applying the KCL to the circuit: We can write- IT = I1 + I2 + I3 -------- (ii) Example: In the circuit, if I1 is 5 A, I2 is 7 A and I3 is 10 A, Find the total current. Solution: IT = 5 + 7 + 10 = 22 Amperes.

Problem solution: For the given circuit, the values of the resistors and the are respectively - 12Ώ, 6.5Ώ, 9.2Ώ & 9V. Find the total current in the circuit. IT E

Equivalent Resistance of parallel circuit: For the parallel circuit shown in the figure – 1:, we get- I1 = I2 = I3 = Now, the total current is- IT = + + ----- (ii)

Now dividing both sides of the equation-(iii) by E, we get- Let, Ro be the equivalent resistance of three individual resistances, then Now dividing both sides of the equation-(iii) by E, we get- Therefore, the equivalent of a parallel circuit is the reciprocal of the individual resistances

মূল্যায়নঃ সমস্যাঃ A battery hag an emf of 30 V and the values of the resistances are 5-ohm, 6-ohm and 7- ohm respectively. Find the total current, equivalent resistance and the voltages across each resistance. Find the total current and equivalent resistance of the parallel circuit shown in the figure –(2), if E = 15V, the value of the resistances are 20-ohm, 10-ohm and 30-ohm respectively.

বাড়ীর কাজঃ Find the equivalent resistance of the given circuit and calculate the total current.

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