Chapter 15: The Civil War Begins The secession of Southern states cause the North and the South to take up arms. 7 States left the Union before the fall of Ft. Sumter; 4 States joined afterwards. 11 States made up the Confederacy. Which side had the advantage in the Civil War?
North vs. South in 1861 South North Advantages ? Disadvantages On a sheet of paper, draw the chart below. After studying the few slides that follow, write in your responses and complete the chart. North South Advantages ? Disadvantages
Rating the North & South
Railroad Lines in 1860
Resources: North & South
Soldiers Present for Duty in the Civil War
Union & Confederacy in 1861
Slave / Free States Population in 1861
The Civil War (1861-1865) Through Maps, Charts, Graphs & Pictures Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Many Issues Divide the Country 1861 – 11 U.S. states voted to secede from the Union and form the Confederate States of America (CSA). This action followed years of long-standing differences between the North and the South.
What Issues did the North & South Disagree On? Tariffs – taxes on imported goods Distribution of public lands States’ Rights – states should have more power over what they do and the federal government should have less power over them. Most of all – the issue of SLAVERY
Southern States Vow to Secede During the 1860 presidential election, Southern leaders threatened to secede if a Republican (Abraham Lincoln) was elected. After Lincoln won the 1860 election, 6 states seceded: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana. Texas also seceded, although against Sam Houston’s objections.
The Confederacy is Formed Formed at a convention in Montgomery, Alabama on February 4, 1861. Called the Confederate States of America (CSA).
Confederate Constitution Drew up a constitution similar to the U.S. constitution, but with some important differences: 1. states were given MORE power and the federal government was given LESS power; 2. this constitution guaranteed the protection of slavery.
The Confederate “White House”
Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens
A Northern View of Jeff Davis
Houston Removed from Office Texas Secession Convention ordered all state government leaders to take an oath of loyalty to the Confederacy – Houston refused and is removed as Governor. Lt. Governor Edward Clark replaced Houston as Governor (he took the oath) This ends Houston’s career in politics and military – he retires to home in Huntsville and dies in 1863.
Lincoln’s View on States’ Secession Lincoln said that the Union was “perpetual” (continuing forever) and the Southern states had no right to leave it. He promised to carry out the law of the land (according to the U.S. constitution) in all states, and Vowed to preserve the nation at all costs.
Union & Confederacy in 1861
The Two Strategies Northern Strategies Bring Union back together (not focused on Slavery at first) Blockade Southern ports – cut off supply lines Gain control of the Mississippi River – split confederacy Capture Richmond
The Two Strategies Southern Strategies Fight a defensive war; make the North give up Privateering (Pirating) Union commercial ships Gain support of major European Powers (England and France) as they needed Southern materials (Cotton, especially).
Early Years of the War The First Battle of Bull Run, July 1861 Early battle fought near Manassas Junction at the Bull Run river Although at first driven back by Union soldiers, led by “Stonewall” Jackson, the Confederates fought back North is shocked and realize this could be a long and bloody war
First Bull Run
Early Years of the War War at Sea Lincoln plans to blockade Southern ports and controlled the Mississippi River. Blockade runners sail in and out of blockade Blockade reduced southern trade by 2/3 Anaconda Plan: This was the plan to cut the south off by way of Naval Blockade. It was called “Scott’s Great Snake” or more commonly, “The Anaconda Plan” as it was designed to ‘squeeze’ the south, like an anaconda snake.
Anaconda Plan