Chapter 16 The Civil War Please open your social studies text to page 510

Fort Sumter

The War Begins Furious at Lincoln’s election and fearing federal invasion, seven southern states had seceded. Furious at Lincoln’s election and fearing federal invasion, seven southern states had seceded. –Lincoln tried desperately to save the Union Lincoln in his inaugural address promised not to end slavery where it existed. Lincoln in his inaugural address promised not to end slavery where it existed. He stated that the federal government will not attack you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. He stated that the federal government will not attack you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. Lincoln tried to calm fears of war or secession. Lincoln tried to calm fears of war or secession.

Reality The Union was badly broken because of years of painful compromises. The Union was badly broken because of years of painful compromises. Battle cry was arising in the South. Battle cry was arising in the South. Confederate officials began seizing branches of federal mint, arsenals, and military outposts. Confederate officials began seizing branches of federal mint, arsenals, and military outposts. In a last ditch effort to avoid war between the states, Secretary of State Seward suggested a united effort of threatening war against Spain and France for interfering in Mexico and the Caribbean. In a last ditch effort to avoid war between the states, Secretary of State Seward suggested a united effort of threatening war against Spain and France for interfering in Mexico and the Caribbean. In 1861, at Fort Sumter, a federal outpost in Charleston South Carolina, was attacked by Confederate troops, which began the Civil War. In 1861, at Fort Sumter, a federal outpost in Charleston South Carolina, was attacked by Confederate troops, which began the Civil War.

Fort Sumter Fort Sumter controlled the entrance of Charleston Harbor Fort Sumter controlled the entrance of Charleston Harbor –Confederates ringed the harbor with heavy guns. –Confederates demanded that the federal troops evacuate. –Major Robert Anderson refused Before sunrise on April 12, 1861, Confederate guns opened fire on Fort Sumter. Before sunrise on April 12, 1861, Confederate guns opened fire on Fort Sumter. A witness wrote that the first shots brought “every soldier in the harbor to his feet, and every man, woman, and child in the city of Charleston from their beds.” A witness wrote that the first shots brought “every soldier in the harbor to his feet, and every man, woman, and child in the city of Charleston from their beds.” The Civil war had begun. The Civil war had begun.

Lincoln’s reaction The Fall of Fort Sumter stunned the North. The Fall of Fort Sumter stunned the North. Lincoln declared the South to be in a state of rebellion and asked state governors for 75,000 militiamen to put down the rebellion. Lincoln declared the South to be in a state of rebellion and asked state governors for 75,000 militiamen to put down the rebellion. State now had to choose would they stay or secede? State now had to choose would they stay or secede? Senator Stephen Douglas: “There can be no neutrals in this war only patriots – or traitors.” Senator Stephen Douglas: “There can be no neutrals in this war only patriots – or traitors.”

Border States Wedged between the North and the South were the key border states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri – slave states that did not join the Confederacy. Wedged between the North and the South were the key border states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri – slave states that did not join the Confederacy. People in the border states were deeply divided on the war. People in the border states were deeply divided on the war. Lincoln’s wife Mary Todd, had four brothers from Kentucky who fought for the Confederacy. Lincoln’s wife Mary Todd, had four brothers from Kentucky who fought for the Confederacy.

Northern v. Southern Resources North Advantages North Advantages –Population 22 million could draw more soldiers and workers –South had 5.5 million to draw from –North network of roads, railroads, and canals –22,000 miles of railroad lines could move supplies throughout the North. –South had only 9,000 miles To supply the military, production of coal, iron, wheat, and wool increased. To supply the military, production of coal, iron, wheat, and wool increased. Also the export of corn, wheat, beef and pork to Europe doubled. Also the export of corn, wheat, beef and pork to Europe doubled. Export of resources in the South decreased because of the Union blockade. Export of resources in the South decreased because of the Union blockade. Union had money, an already established economy, and banking system. Union had money, an already established economy, and banking system. The South started printing its own Confederate dollars. Some states printed their own money, which led to financial chaos. The South started printing its own Confederate dollars. Some states printed their own money, which led to financial chaos.

Taking advantage Winfield Scott developed a two-part strategy: Winfield Scott developed a two-part strategy: –1.) destroy the South’s economy with a naval blockade of southern ports; –2.) gain control of the Mississippi River to divide the South. Other leaders urged an attack on Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital. Other leaders urged an attack on Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital.

Southern Resources Strong military tradition Strong military tradition –Brilliant officers –Strategy –Defend itself until the North grew tired of fighting –Union Army would have to travel and maintain long supply lines –Southerners were familiar with the land South wanted to wear down the North and capture Washington D.C. South wanted to wear down the North and capture Washington D.C. Confederate president Jefferson Davis also tried to win foreign allies through cotton diplomacy. Confederate president Jefferson Davis also tried to win foreign allies through cotton diplomacy. This was the idea that Great Britain would support the Confederacy because it needed the South’s raw cotton to supply its booming textile industry This was the idea that Great Britain would support the Confederacy because it needed the South’s raw cotton to supply its booming textile industry

Copy the Graph on page 513 Resources of the North and South Resources of the North and South Please copy the graph into your notes Please copy the graph into your notes Use color Use color

Volunteer Armies ~ Both the Confederate and Union Armies were able to build their troops by relying volunteers known as militias!