Reconstruction Where do we begin??

1 st : Should the South be... OR PUNISHED FORGIVEN

2 nd : Since S. states seceded from the Union did they now need to be formally READMITTED into the Union? Presidential Plan: It is not possible to secede from the Union so the confederate states never officially seceded so they DID NOT need to be READMITTED into the Union Congressional Plan: It is possible to secede from the Union so the confederate states did officially secede and DID need to be READMITTED into the Union

3 rd : What support/aid would freedmen receive in their adjustment from slavery to freedom?

4 th : How would confederate political and military leaders be dealt with?

The 2 plans were: #1: The Presidential Plan – created by President Lincoln, but implemented by President Andrew Johnson #2: The Congressional Plan – created by the Radical Republicans in Congress Presidential Plan Instituted April 1865 RR believe nothing is different in the South under the Pres. Plan RR Plan Instituted December 1865

The 2 Plans: Side by Side Punish or Forgive?? Presidential Plan Plan that treated the South with leniency to forgive and move forward – Offered leaders amnesty and pardon – Created a simple procedure for reestablishing state governments – Allowed South to send traditional representatives to Washington – No support given to Freedmen – states should handle this on their own – States had to ratify 13 th Congressional Plan Plan that demanded the South be punished and the war justified – Refused to seat new Congressmen from the South – Established Joint Committee on Reconstruction to investigate – Passed Civil Rights Act – Extended the Freedmen’s Bureau – Established military occupation of the South (5 military districts) – States had to ratify 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments

The Battle Begins: President Johnson V. Congressional Republicans RADICA L

The Battle: Congress passes extension of funding for F.B. and the Civil Rights Act President Johnson vetoes both. Congress overrides veto & Johnson loses support of Moderates

More of the Battle: Legislature The job of the Legislative branch is to: M A K E L A W S Executive The job of the Executive branch is to: E N F O R C E L A W S

And so the battled continued: President Johnson: Chose to not enforce the Civil Rights Act and to not provide the funds for the Freedmen’s Bureau Congress’ anger towards Pres. builds Without enforcement of Civil Rights Act the rights of freedmen continued to be violated by Southerners Without the extension of the funding for the F.B. the resources to help blacks adjust to freedom were limited at best and non-existent at worst.

The battle rages on Johnson refuses to enforce Civil Rights Act and extension of funding for F.B. The South continues to violate the rights of freedmen since there is no enforcement of the Civil Rights Act These violations led to the creation of the 14 th Amendment

And on... Congress passes 14 th Amendment 14 th Amendment now needs to be ratified by ¾ of the state legislatures Johnson convinces 10 Southern states to refuse to ratify 14 th Amendment RR make states ratify 14 th Amendment in order to be reinstated into the Union

The Congressional Plan wins What motivated them to create their own plan? – Believed none of the post war goals were being met – No equal citizenship or economic independence for freedmen – Republicans risked losing power in Congress if they did not act quickly – why?

The Congressional Plan Leaders: Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner