Early Roman Legends Horatius Cocles Gaius Mucius Scaevola Cincinnatus Marcus Manlius Tarpeia

Horatius Cocles 508 BC (?) In attempt to bring back Tarquinius Superbus, ally Lars Porsenna of Clusium attacks Rome

Horatius Cocles Etruscans attack Rome near its city limits

Horatius Cocles Approaching bridge to cross Tiber into Rome proper Pons Sublicius (Sublician Bridge)

Horatius Cocles Romans fleeing Horatius “One-Eyed” tells soldiers to tear down bridge Spurius Larcius and Titus Herminius help

Horatius Cocles Spurius and Titus flee to safety with the other Romans Horatius holds off enemy As bridge collapses, he prays to Father Tiber

Horatius Cocles Jumps into Tiber with armor and weapons Swims to safety

Horatius Cocles Honored as a hero Statue Given as much farmland as he can plow in one day

Gaius Mucius Scaevola 505 BC (?) Gaius Mucius of noble birth Enters enemy camp of Etruscan king Lars Porsenna Porsenna wants to reinstate Tarquinius Superbus

Gaius Mucius Scaevola Approaches a well-dressed man Kills man, who is not Porsenna but his secretary

Gaius Mucius Scaevola Brought before king Places right hand in fire without flinching

Gaius Mucius Scaevola Porsenna impressed Releases Mucius, who warns Porsenna that hundreds of Romans are prepared to attack Etruscan camp

Gaius Mucius Scaevola Senate gives Mucius large tract of land Senate vows to preserve Republic

Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus 458 BC Aequi, local tribe, attacked Rome

Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus Messengers from Senate approach Cincinnatus, plowing field

Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus Calls wife to fetch his toga Is appointed Dictator, a 6-month position Makes plans to conquer the Aequi

Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus Men of military age (17-50) report to Campus Martius with rations for 5 days and 12 stakes (for camp fortification)

Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus Defeats Aequi, who pass under yoke (3 spears)

Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus After 16 days, Cincinnatus returns to his farm

Marcus Manlius 390 BC Gauls attack Rome Heading towards stronghold on Capitoline Hill

Marcus Manlius Romans previously trapped high on Capitoline Hill during sieges Supplies running low

Marcus Manlius Juno’s sacred geese stationed in temple on Capitoline (Juno Moneta– “Warner”) Mint near her temple “money” from “Moneta”

Marcus Manlius Romans want to eat sacred geese, but dare not Cackling of geese awakens Manlius, whose house is on Capitoline Hill

Marcus Manlius Romans eventually repel attack (thanks to reinforcements arriving) Geese later honored with procession: carried on litters with purple and gold cushions

Marcus Manlius Dogs not so lucky: crucified annually Death of Manlius: thrown from Tarpeian Rock

Tarpeian Rock Named after Tarpeia, a traitor Sabines attacking Rome

Tarpeian Rock Tarpeia offers enemy access to Rome in return for what is on their arms

Tarpeian Rock Gold bracelets on their arms Oops! They also have shields!

Tarpeian Rock She is crushed under the weight of their shields Traitors tossed to their deaths from Tarpeian Rock (near Capitoline Hill)

Review 1) Horatius Cocles 2) Gaius Mucius Scaevola 3) Cincinnatus 4) Marcus Manlius 5) Tarpeia

2) Gaius Mucius Scaevola Review 1) Horatius Cocles 2) Gaius Mucius Scaevola 3) Cincinnatus 4) Marcus Manlius 5) Tarpeia 1) Defended Sublician Bridge

2) Gaius Mucius Scaevola Review 1) Horatius Cocles 2) Gaius Mucius Scaevola 3) Cincinnatus 4) Marcus Manlius 5) Tarpeia 1) Defended Sublician Bridge 2) Met Lars Porsenna and burned right hand

2) Gaius Mucius Scaevola Review 1) Horatius Cocles 2) Gaius Mucius Scaevola 3) Cincinnatus 4) Marcus Manlius 5) Tarpeia 1) Defended Sublician Bridge 2) Met Lars Porsenna and burned right hand 3) Left plow to be dictator for 16 days

2) Gaius Mucius Scaevola Review 1) Horatius Cocles 2) Gaius Mucius Scaevola 3) Cincinnatus 4) Marcus Manlius 5) Tarpeia 1) Defended Sublician Bridge 2) Met Lars Porsenna and burned right hand 3) Left plow to be dictator for 16 days 4) Geese awoke him; helped defeat Gauls

2) Gaius Mucius Scaevola Review 1) Horatius Cocles 2) Gaius Mucius Scaevola 3) Cincinnatus 4) Marcus Manlius 5) Tarpeia 1) Defended Sublician Bridge 2) Met Lars Porsenna and burned right hand 3) Left plow to be dictator for 16 days 4) Geese awoke him; helped defeat Gauls 5) Offered help to Sabines in return for what was on their arms