Chapter 12 Respiratory System

In this chapter you will Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their location and function. Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper context.

Organs of the Respiratory System Paranasal Sinuses Nasopharynx Nasal Cavity Pharyngeal tonsils Nose Oropharynx Palatine tonsils Laryngopharynx Epiglottis Esophagus Trachea Larynx Mediastinum Parietal pleura Bronchial tubes Visceral pleura Lung Bronchioles Diaphragm

Organs of the Respiratory System Bronchioles Erythrocytes Capillary Alveoli

Inhalation and Expiration Discuss how breathing is a passive process. Obtain a bell jar and diaphragm apparatus from a lab, or make one, to illustrate this concept.

Respiratory Flow Chart Trace the flow and then conduct the class activity in the lesson plan by dividing the class into two groups and assigning each a gas. (see LP 12.1)

Chapter 12 Respiratory System Terminology p. 464

adenoidectomy adenoid/o: adenoids -ectomy Surgical removal of the adenoids Adenoids: nasopharyngeal tonsils

adenoid hypertrophy aden/o -oid hyper- -trophy Excessive development (enlargement) of the adenoids / can obstruct nasal passages

Alveolar alveol/o: alveolus, air sac -ar Pertaining to an alveolus Small, sac like, gas exchanging area of the lung http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTMYSGXh J4E

Bronchospasm bronch/o: bronchial tube, bronchus -spasm: sudden contraction of muscles Sudden contraction of muscles in the bronchial tube Seen most commonly in asthma http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lV1XgDL1E-c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdQVTSzUihU&NR=1

bronchiectasis bronchi/o: bronchial tube, bronchus -ectasis: stretching, dilation, expansion Dilation of bronchial tubes Caused by weakening of the bronchial walls http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5VrLBglXj Q

bronchodilator bronch/o -dilation: widening, stretching, expanding -or: one who One who widens the bronchial tube Medication

bronchiolitis bronchiol/o: bronchiole, small bronchus -itis: inflammation Inflammation of bronchioles Viral infection RSV: respiratory syncytial virus

hypercapnia Hyper: Excessive capn/o: carbon dioxide -ia: condition of Condition of excessive carbon dioxide (in the blood) PaC02

pneumoconiosis pneum/o: lung, air coni/o: dust -osis Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs Asbestosis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vMrme wfBsc

cyanosis cyan/o: Blue -osis: Abnormal Condition Abnormal condition of blue Caused by hypoxemia

epiglottitis epiglott/o: epiglottis -itis: inflammation Inflammation of the epiglottis Haemophilus influenzae Type B http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eC0VD795i ag

laryngeal laryng/o: larynx (voice box) -eal pertaining to Pertaining to the larynx Laryngitis Occurs with a cold Chronic condition in smokers

laryngospasm laryng/o: larynx -spasm: Sudden contraction of the muscles of the larynx

laryngitis laryng/o larynx -itis; inflammation Inflammation of the voice box http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDnfdtFlK18

lobectomy lob/o: lobe of the lung -ectomy: surgical removal Surgical removal of a lobe (of the lung)

mediastinoscopy mediastin/o: mediastinum -scopy Visual examination of the mediastinum

paranasal sinuses para-: near; beside; abnormal; apart from; along side of nas/o: nose -al Sinuses: air filled cavities Pertaining to air filled cavities near the nose

nasogastric intubation gastr/o -ic in- tube -ation Process of inserting tube through the a nose into the stomach (NG Tube)

orthopnea orth/o: straight, upright -pnea breathing Upright breathing Breathing discomfort in any position but sitting up

hypoxia hypo- ox/o -ia Condition of deficient oxygen In the tissues

expectoration ex-: out, away from pector/o: chest -ation: process of Process of away from chest Expulsion of material (mucus or phlegm)

pharyngeal pharyng/o: pharynx -eal pertaining to Pertaining to the throat

dysphonia dys- bad,painful, difficult phon/o: voice -ia condition of Condition of difficult (abnormal) voice Hoarseness or any voice impairment

phrenic nerve phren/o: diaphragm -ic pertaining to Nerve nerve Nerve pertaining to the diaphragm

pleurodynia pleur/o: pleura -dynia: pain Pain of the pleura Associated with inflammation of intercostal muscles

pleural effusion pleur/o pleural -al pertaining to -fusion: to pour To pour fluid into the pleural cavity Fluid collects in the pleural space

pneumothorax pneum/o air -thorax chest Air in the pleural space

pneumonectomy pneumon/o lung -ectomy surgical removal Removal of a lung

pulmonary pulmon/o: lung -ary pertaining to Pertaining to lungs

rhinorrhea rhin/o: nose -rrhea: flow, discharge Discharge from the nose Runny nose

rhinoplasty rhin/o nose -plasty surgical repair Surgical repair of the nose Nose job

sinusitis sinus/o: sinus, cavity -itis inflammation Inflammation of sinuses

spirometer spir/o: breathing -meter instrument to measure Instrument to measure breathing

expiration ex- out spir/o breathing -ation process of Process of breathing out Note that the S is omitted

respiration re- again spir/o breathing -ation process of Process of breathing again Breathing (inspiration and expiration)

atelectasis a- without tel/o: complete -ectasis: stretching, dilation, expansion Without complete expansion of a lung collapsed lung

thoracotomy thorac/o: chest -tomy: incision Incision of the chest

thoracic thorac/o chest -ic pertaining to Pertaining to the chest

tonsillectomy tonsill/o: tonsils -ectomy: surgical removal Removal of tonsils The nasopharyngeal tonsils are removed

tracheotomy trache/o trachea -tomy incision Incision of the trachea

tracheal stenosis trache/o trachea -al- pertaining to stenosis: tightening; stricture Pertaining to tightening (narrowing) of the trachea

Suffixes – Page 468

empyema em- in py/o pus -ema: condition Condition of pus in (the chest) A collection of pus Most commonly occurs in the pleural cavity as pyothorax

anosmia an- -osmia: smell Without smell

apnea a- without -pnea breathing Without breathing

dyspnea dys- bad, difficult -pnea breathing Difficult breathing

hyperpnea hyper- increased, excessive -pnea breathing Increased breathing Increase in depth of breathing What is the term for increased rate of breathing?

tachypnea tachy- fast -pnea breathing Fast breathing

hemoptysis hem/o blood -ptysis: spitting Spitting up blood

asphyxia a- without -sphyxia: pulse Without pulse

hemothorax hem/o blood -thorax: chest, pleural cavity Blood in the pleural cavity

pyothorax py/o -thorax Pus in the chest empyema of the chest

Diagnostic and Pathologic Terms – page 469 auscultation percussion pleural rub rale (crackle) rhonchus sputum stridor wheeze

Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders page 470 Croup Diptheria Epistaxis Pertussis

Croup-p. 470 Acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants Characterized by: Obstruction of the larynx Barking cough stridor

Diptheria bacterial infection usually affecting the mucous membranes of your nose and throat. Diphtheria typically causes a sore throat, fever, swollen glands and weakness. But the hallmark sign is a sheet of thick, gray material covering the back of your throat. This material can block your windpipe so that you have to struggle for breath.

Epistaxis Nose bleed

Pertussis Whooping Cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea. DTaP and Tdap Vaccines

Bronchial Disorders – page 470-471 Asthma Bronchiectasis Chronic bronchitis Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic Fibrosis Inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract. Gene carrying the disease in known and persons carrying the gene may be identified.

Lung Disorders – page 471-475 Atlectasis Emphysema Lung cancer Pneumoconiosis Pneumonia Pulmonary abcess Pulmonary edema

Emphysema Hyperinflation of the air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aktIMBQSXMo

Pneumonia Acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

Lung Disorders Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Pulmonary Fibrosis Sarcoidosis – chronic inflammation Tuberculosis (TB)

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pleural Disorders – page 475 Mesothelioma – rare malignant tumor in pleura Pleural Effusion Pleurisy (pleuritis) Pneumothorax

Mesothelioma

Pleural Effusion

Clinical Procedures – p 476-481 Chest x-ray Ventilation/Perfusion Scan (V/Q) Bronchoscopy Endotracheal Intubation PFTs Thoracentesis

Clinical Procedures Thoracotomy Thoracoscopy Tracheostomy Tuberculin test (PPD) Tube Thoracostomy (Chest tube)

QUICK QUIZ: 1. What is the tip or uppermost portion of the lung? base lobe apex nares

Chest tube

Abbreviations p. 482 COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease CXR: Chest X-Ray PFT: Pulmonary Function Test TB: Tuberculosis OSA: Obstructive Sleep Apnea DOE: Dyspnea on Exertion URI: Upper Respiratory Infection