Rocks and Minerals Vocabulary Part 2

Sedimentary Rock Definition: formed by weathering causing sediments to build up in layers Usually found where there used to be a river, lake, ocean, sea, etc. p. 242 Notice the striping that goes across the rocks, that is formed by layers be set down in an ocean.

Fossil Definition: records of past life on earth May be an imprint (mold), a bone, or the remains of something (cast) p. 244

Mold Definition: a hollow space in a rock with the shape of an animal or plant This is like when you make an imprint of your hand in clay or plaster Most often found in sedimentary rock

Cast Definition: hard sediments in the form of an animal or plant This is what happens when the animal or plant materials are replaced by minerals (all dinosaur bones)

Conglomerate Definition: sedimentary rocks made of small pebbles and dirt Think of pulling up a piece of concrete – with big stones and small pebbles and the tiny pieces that pull it all together Miss Veach has a good example, if you come ask nicely to see it – sorry, I couldn’t find a good picture.

Erosion Definition: the process of soil being washed away (by water) Related word: Weathering, the process of soil being blown away p Erosion Weathering

Crystal Definition: a pattern of atoms repeated so many times it becomes large enough to be seen Water crystals Diamond crystal

Igneous Rock Definition: formed when hot liquid rock cools p. 246

Lava Definition: magma or hot liquid rock that pours out of a volcano

Magma Definition: hot liquid rock found in the core of the earth You can’t see a picture of it because once it comes out of the earth (where we could take a picture) it is called lava!

Volcano Definition: an opening in the Earth where magma comes onto the Earth’s surface (crust) p. 270 Iceland

Metamorphic Rock Definition: formed by heat and pressure Starts as Igneous or Sedimentary rock that is changed by heat and/or pressure p. 248 When granite is put under heat and pressure it becomes gneiss – the wavy part shows the pressure it was under.

Rock Cycle Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock Igneous Rock Magma cools and hardens weathering extreme heat heat and pressure p