Remediation of Vocabulary Deficits Enhance classroom linguistic environment Pre-teach vocabulary Teach vocabulary Provide incentives for extending vocabulary

Remediation of Literal Comprehension Issues Ensure vocabulary knowledge Ensure conceptual / content knowledge Focus on retelling Question Teach Visualization

Gallagher’s Questioning Strategies Questions Narrow Broad Narrow Questions Cognitive Memory Convergent Broad Questions Divergent Evaluative

Gallagher’s Questioning Strategies Discussion Cognitive Memory Recall Identify Answer yes / no List Name Define Tell “who, what, when, where”

Gallagher’s Questioning Strategies Convergent Compare Contrast Explain “how, why, explain, compare, contrast” Divergent Predict Hypothesize Infer Guess Reconstruct Trace Alternatives “What if, how do you know, what might happen next?, what leads you to believe that?, prove to me that, how many ways can you think of to, how could the outcome have been different if... “

Gallagher’s Questioning Strategies Evaluative:judge (evaluation)give opinion justify choose support “what do you think, do you agree and why, can you support and why, how do you feel, etc.”

Remediation of Fluency Issues Remind “Thank you for calling the words, now lets go back and read.” Reread Four step reading With teacher At seat With partner At home Echoic Reading Phrase Reading Practice Automaticity of Sight Words

Remediation of Print Structure Issues Use Structural Prediction Look at title, illustrations, readings, questions, marginal notes, graphs etc. Teach Story Grammar Characters Settings Problem Attempts Reactions Resolution or Solution Lessons

Teach Story Grammar Insert 1 Primary Story Form

Teach Story Grammar Insert 2 Intermediate / Secondary Story Form

Remediation of Print Structure Issues Teach SQ3R Survey Question Read Recite Review Teach Paragraph Structure Key Fact Supporting Details Concluding Sentence What is the paragraph talking about? What about it? How was it summarized or wrapped up?

Paragraph Form Insert 3 Paragraph Form / Primary

Paragraph Form Insert 4 Paragraph Form/ Intermediate - Secondary

Remediation of Concept/Content Issues Concept Advance Organizer (Ausubel) Identify Major Idea Form Experiential Parallels Bridge back to content Content Listing Identify major content Ask for any information Write on board / no discussion Stop when you have had enough Go back and elaborate on each contribution Categorize Read material: Use categories to guide comprehension and discussion

Remediation of Concept/Content Issues Visual Auditory Fill Use print to provide prior knowledge

Remediation of Analysis Issues Provide Auditory Training Discrimination Segmentation Blending Memory Visual / Auditory Integration Use the Skill Instruction Method Introduce in whole Language Practice in isolation Replace in whole language

Remediation of Analysis Issues Integrated Skill remediation Daily one minute skill review White board use Reinforcement in print