Science and Technology I Mid-Year Exam 2012 Creature Feature Review

LIVING ORGANISMS Something is considered living only if it has ALL of these characteristics: Made of cells Reproduces Grows and develops Adapts to its environment Responds to stimuli (touch, sound, light, etc) Exchanges with its environment (substances go in and out) Needs and uses energy

TAXONOMY Taxonomy is the science of classifying living organisms. An organism’s scientific name is the genus and the species together. The name is written in Latin. Canis lupus

CLASSIFICATION Living things are classified using these categories: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti

POPULATION A population is a group of individuals living in the same area. That area could be as big as the entire planet, or as small as your backyard.

HABITAT An animal’s habitat is the place where the animal lives. The habitat includes the country (or geographic location), the climate and the type of shelter

ECOLOGICAL NICHE Where an animal lives, what it eats, and what it does all day is called the animal’s ecological niche. All animals need some type of food in order to survive.

ECOLOGICAL NICHE A predator is an animal who hunts and kills other animals to eat them. The word prey is given to the animal that is being hunted.

FOOD CHAINS A food chain shows a flow of energy from one living organism to another. A food web is a connection of food chains.

A producer makes its own food. A consumer needs to eat another living organism to get food. There are three types of consumers: Herbivores eat only plants Carnivores eat only meat Omnivores eat both plants and meat. FOOD CHAINS

ADAPTATIONS Physical Adaptation: Something about the animal’s body that helps it to survive in its habitat (teeth, fur colour, body structure).

ADAPTATIONS Behavioural Adaptation: The way the animal acts or the sounds that it makes that help it to survive in its habitat. Each adaptation has a specific function.

REPRODUCTION The way a species reproduces is a behavioural adaptation. Each species reproduces in a way that gives their offspring the biggest chance to survive. Reproduction is the most important thing for a species to do.

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Asexual reproduction is when an animal makes a clone (exact copy) of itself. Only one living organism is needed. Some animals are capable of asexual reproduction.

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Types of asexual reproduction in the animal kingdom: Binary Fission: the animal splits in two. Example: sea anemone Fragmentation: the animal re-grows a lost body part Example: starfish Budding: a new organism grows out of the original organism. Example: hydra

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Requires both a male and female of the same family. Most animals reproduce sexually. The female sex cell is called an egg. The male sex cell is called a sperm.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Requires both a male and female of the same family. Most animals reproduce sexually. The female sex cell is called an egg. The male sex cell is called a sperm.

FERTILIZATION External fertilization: the male does not deposit his semen directly into the female. Example: most aquatic animals (fish) Internal fertilization: the male deposits his semen directly into the female. Example: most land animals (humans)

FORMS OF BIRTHING Viviparous: animals giving birth to live young. Example: mammals, including humans Oviparous: animals who lay eggs. Example: birds (chickens, penguins, etc) Ovoviviparous: animals whose eggs hatch inside the mother, then they have a live birth. Example: sharks, some snakes

ANIMAL CELLS

CREATURE CREATION F F

When we pulled up on the thread, the spool of thread turned which twisted up the elastics, creating potential energy. When we released the thread, the elastics untwisted and the creature moved forward, creating kinetic energy.