Major Animal Phyla Biology 103 Animal Lab

Phylum Porifera Sponges Asymmetrical or Radial symmetry No organs Most are Marine Sessile filter-feeders Asexual Reproduction Fragmentation Sexual Reproduction Hermaphrodites

Phylum Cnidaria Cnidarians Ex. Hydra, Jellyfish, corals, sea anemone Radial symmetry Mostly Marine Have Nerve Cells Nematocysts – stinging tentacles 2 Body Forms: Polyp Medusa Polyp Medusa

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms Bilateral Symmetry Definite Head Thin, solid body Excretory and Digestive System Oxygen by diffusion Hermaphrodites Ex. Planaria, flukes, tapeworms

Phylum Nemotoda Roundworms Bilateral symmetry Tough outer covering 2 openings Tube-like digestive system Separate sexes Ex. Nematodes, hookworms, pinworms

Phylum Mollusca Bilateral symmetry Mostly Marine 3 body parts: foot, visceral mass, mantle Have: heart; digestive, excretory, and open circulatory systems; gills Mostly separate sexes Ex. Snails(gastropods), slugs, squid(cephalopods), octopus, clams(bivalves), oysters

Phylum Annelida Segmented worms Aquatic and terrestrial 2 body openings Have nervous, digestive, excretory, and closed circulatory systems; head, nephridia Ex. Earthworms, leeches, nereis

Phylum Arthropoda Jointed appendages Bilateral symmetry Exoskeleton Separate sexes – internal fertilization in most Most diverse phyla 4 classes (next 4 slides)

Arachnids 2 body sections 2 pairs of mouth parts (chelicerae) 8 legs Ex. Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions

Crustaceans 2 pair of antennae Aquatic except for pill bug Ex. Crabs, lobster, barnacles, shrimp

Myriapods Many legs Ex. Millipedes & Centipedes

Insects 6 legs 3 body sections Ex. Grasshopper, bee, butterfly

Phylum Echinodermata Spiny skin Bilateral symmetry as larvae Radial Symmetry as adult Separate sexes Endoskeleton Marine Ex. Starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars

Phylum Chordata (vertebrates) Notochord (nerve cord) No vertebrae Gill slits Ex. Sea squirts, lancelets

Phylum Chordata (Vertebrates) Have backbone (vertebrae) Dorsal nerve cord Bilateral symmetry Closed circulatory system Brain 7 classes (next 5 slides)

Fish Class Agnatha – Jawless fish Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays) Class Osteichthyes – Bony fish

Class Amphibia Amphibians Must return to water to reproduce Aquatic larvae Semi-terrestrial adult Moist habitat Ex. Frogs, salamanders

Class Reptilia Reptiles Dry, scaly skin 3-chambered heart Lays amniotic egg on land Ectotherms (body temp. depends on environment Ex. Lizards, snakes, turtles

Class Aves Birds Endotherms (Internal body heat) Feathers Hollow bones 4-chambered heart

Class Mammalia Mammals Endotherms Hair Milk produced in mammary glands Nurse young 4-chambered heart Live birth for most mammals Highly developed brains Ex. Mice, Whales, Humans