2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

What are the functions of the lymphatic system? What is the importance of the lymphatic system as it relates to immunity? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the lymphatic system? What are some disorders of the lymphatic system and how are they treated? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 2

The Lymphatic System What are the functions of the lymphatic system? Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 3

The Lymphatic System Fluid balance Why is this important? Carries digested food, O2 and hormones to cells Carries digested food, O2 and hormones to cells Carries wastes back to capillaries for excretion Carries wastes back to capillaries for excretion What happens during this process? What is the relevance to health?- Body would not get things it needs, fluid overload 4 ____ Fluid IN ____ Fluid OUT

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system The Lymphatic System Lymphocyte production What are lymphocytes? Type of WBC What do they do? Fights infections What is their relevance to health ? 5

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system The Lymphatic System Filtration What does a filter do? How do filters relate to the lymphatic system? 6

The Lymphatic System 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 7 Immunity Notes Handout

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system The Lymphatic System Immunity What is immunity? 8 -the body’s ability to resist bacterial invasion and disease. 2 general types- natural and acquired

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The Lymphatic System Natural immunity natural immunity- 10

Natural Immunity NATURAL Passive IMMUNITY- at birth, inherited and permanent. Includes: Unbroken skin Unbroken skin Mucus and tears Mucus and tears Blood phagocytes Blood phagocytes Local inflammation Local inflammation Natural ACQUIRED IMMUNITY- body’s reaction to invaders Natural ACQUIRED IMMUNITY- body’s reaction to invaders

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system The Lymphatic System Natural immunity Discuss the body’s natural immune processes seen in this picture. 12

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity: Passive Discuss passive acquired immunity Discuss passive acquired immunity 13 passive immunity n. Immunity acquired by the transfer of antibodies from another individual, as through injection or placental transfer to a fetus.

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity: Active Natural Natural Discuss Acquired immunity Active Natural 14

ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY- lasts longer, two types NATURAL ACQUIRED IMMUNITY- result of having had and recovered from a disease. For example, a child who had measles will usually not get it again- child’s body has manufactured antibodies NATURAL ACQUIRED IMMUNITY- result of having had and recovered from a disease. For example, a child who had measles will usually not get it again- child’s body has manufactured antibodies ARTIFICIAL ACQUIRED IMMUNITY- comes from being vaccinated ARTIFICIAL ACQUIRED IMMUNITY- comes from being vaccinated

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 16 The Lymphatic System What is the relevance to health ? Acquired immunity: Active Natural

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity: Active Artificial Artificial Discuss Acquired immunity Active Artificial 17

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 18 The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity Active Artificial Should immunizations be required? Why or why not?

IMMUNIZATION-artificial resistance to a particular infection by artificial means Antigen injected into a person to stimulate production of antibodies Antigen injected into a person to stimulate production of antibodies

The Lymphatic System REVIEW What are the functions of the lymphatic system? How are these functions relevant to health? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 20

The Lymphatic System Anaphylactic shock  What is it?  What happens to these body systems?  Nervous system  Digestive system  Respiratory system  Integumentary system  What is the treatment? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 21

ANAPHYLAXIS Severe, sometimes fatal allergic reaction Severe, sometimes fatal allergic reaction Antigen-antibody reaction stimulates a massive secretion of histamine Antigen-antibody reaction stimulates a massive secretion of histamine Symptoms- breathing problems, headache, facial swelling, falling blood pressure, stomach cramps, and vomiting Symptoms- breathing problems, headache, facial swelling, falling blood pressure, stomach cramps, and vomiting Rx - adrenaline Rx - adrenaline

The Lymphatic System AIDS How is it diagnosed? What do these terms mean?   HIV   ARC   AIDS 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 23

AIDS/HIV Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Caused by HTLV-III (human T-lymphotropic virus type III) Commonly caused HIV or Human immunodeficiency virus. Caused by HTLV-III (human T-lymphotropic virus type III) Commonly caused HIV or Human immunodeficiency virus. Affects not only homosexual males but populations Affects not only homosexual males but populations The patient with AIDS cannot fight off cancers and most infections. The patient with AIDS cannot fight off cancers and most infections. Three responses to HIV infection: Three responses to HIV infection: 1. AIDS 2. ARC (AIDS-related complex) 3. Asymptomatic infection Screening tests for HIV/AIDS are available Screening tests for HIV/AIDS are available

The Lymphatic System Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome (AIDS) How is it transmitted? What is the incubation period? What are the symptoms? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 25

AIDS Most severe type of HIV infection Most severe type of HIV infection Subject to OPPORTUNISTICS INFECTIONS- a healthy person would fight off these infections, but a person with AIDS has a compromised immune response. Subject to OPPORTUNISTICS INFECTIONS- a healthy person would fight off these infections, but a person with AIDS has a compromised immune response.

Symptoms of AIDS 1. Prolonged fatigue 2. Persistent fevers or night sweats 3. Persistent, unexplained cough 4. Thick coating in throat or on tongue 5. Easy bruising, unexplained bleeding 6. Appearance of purple lesions on mucous membranes or skin that don’t go away 7. Chronic diarrhea 8. Shortness of breath 9. Unexplained lymphadenopathy 10. Unexplained weight loss, 10 pounds or more, in less than 2 months Incubation period: 1 month to 12 years

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 28

AIDA-RELATED COMPLEX (ARC) Has HIV but not AIDS and develops other conditions such as: Chronic diarrhea Chronic diarrhea Chronic lymphadenopathy Chronic lymphadenopathy Unexplained weight loss Unexplained weight loss If life threatening opportunistic infections develop, then individual is said to have AIDS ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTION- Has HIV but no symptoms.

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 31

High-Risk Groups for AIDS – EVERYONE who participates in risky behaviors. Transmission by: 1. Sex with someone who is HIV positive 2. Sharing needles with infected IV drug users 3. At birth from infected mother Cannot be spread by: 1. Casual contact 2. Through air, feces, food, urine or water 3. Coughing, sneezing, embracing, shaking hands and sharing eating utensils Prevention: 1. Avoid risky behaviors 2. Standard precautions

johnsons-hiv-announcement-resonates-21- years/story?id= johnsons-hiv-announcement-resonates-21- years/story?id= Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 33

The Lymphatic System Cancer What is cancer? Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body Who gets cancer? Why is it included in the lymphatic system ? The immune system provides one of the body's main defenses against cancer. When normal cells turn into cancer cells, some of the antigens on their surface change. These new or altered antigens flag immune defenders, natural killer cells, and macrophages Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 34

The Lymphatic System Hodgkin’s disease What is Hodgkin’s disease? cancer of the lymph nodes, painless swelling of lymph nodes is early symptom. Treated with chemotherapy and radiation Who is most likely to develop Hodgkin’s disease? The cause is not known. Hodgkin's lymphoma is most common among people ages and Past infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is thought to contribute to some cases. Patients with HIV infection are more at risk than the general population.EBV 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 35

The Lymphatic System Infectious mononucleosis What is mononucleosis most often called? What causes it? How is it treated? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 36

INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS Caused by virus- Epstein- Barr Virus Caused by virus- Epstein- Barr Virus Frequently in young adults and children Frequently in young adults and children Spread by oral contact (kissing) Spread by oral contact (kissing) Symptoms – enlarged lymph nodes, fever, physical and mental, fatigue, leukocytes Symptoms – enlarged lymph nodes, fever, physical and mental, fatigue, leukocytes Rx-bed rest Rx-bed rest

The Lymphatic System Lupus erythematosus What is the classic symptom of lupus? What is the classic symptom of lupus? Rashes, lesions and other skin conditions are some of the classic and definitive early lupus symptoms What other symptoms might present? What other symptoms might present? Red bumps on the legs Large welts Lesions on the fingers or toes Sores that take a long time to heal Frequent bruising How is lupus managed? With medications What is the prognosis? – good if treatment is followed 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 38

» what is lupus? lupus is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks normal, healthy tissue. This results in symptoms such as inflammation, swelling, and damage to joints, skin, kidneys, blood, the heart, and lungs Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 39

The Lymphatic System Lymphadenitis What is it? Lymph aden itis What are the symptoms? How is it treated? Meds, 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 40

The Lymphatic System Lymphedema What is it? swelling due to a blockage of the lymph passages. What causes it? How is it treated? Compression Manual drainage, exercise 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 41 Photo used with written permission by the Mayo Clinic.

lymphadenitis Manual massage- Manual massage- Manual compression : Massage techniques, known as manual lymph drainage, can be useful for some people with lymphedema. Manual compression : Massage techniques, known as manual lymph drainage, can be useful for some people with lymphedema. Exercises: Exercises that lightly contract and stimulate arm or leg muscles may be prescribed by the doctor or physical therapist to help stimulate lymph flow. Exercises: Exercises that lightly contract and stimulate arm or leg muscles may be prescribed by the doctor or physical therapist to help stimulate lymph flow Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 42

The Lymphatic System Scleroderma What is it? What causes it? What are some complications of scleroderma? How is it treated? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 43

‎Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease that involves changes in the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs. It is a type of autoimmune disorder, a condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 44

‎Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease that involves changes in the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs. It is a type of autoimmune disorder, a condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 45

Fingers or toes that turn blue or white in response to hot and cold temperatures (See: Raynaud's phenomenon)Raynaud's phenomenon Hair loss Skin hardness Skin that is abnormally dark or light Skin thickening, stiffness, and tightness of fingers, hands, and forearm Small white lumps beneath the skin, sometimes oozing a white substance that looks like toothpaste Sores (ulcers) on the fingertips or toes Tight and mask-like skin on the face Bone and muscle symptoms may include: Joint pain Numbness and pain in the feet Pain, stiffness, and swelling of fingers and joints Wrist pain Breathing problems may result from scarring in the lungs and can include: Dry cough Shortness of breath Wheezing 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 46

The Lymphatic System Tonsillitis What are the symptoms? What are the usual treatments? Why would you have your tonsils removed? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 47

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system What are the functions of the lymphatic system? What is the importance of the lymphatic system as it relates to immunity? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the lymphatic system? What are some disorders of the lymphatic system and how are they treated? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 48