Lecture Contents 1- History of artificial insemination 2- Types of artificial insemination 3- Artificial insemination in farm and laboratory animals 4-

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Lecture Contents 1- History of artificial insemination 2- Types of artificial insemination 3- Artificial insemination in farm and laboratory animals 4- In vitro fertilization in humans and baby test tube 5- Benefits Artificial insemination and In vitro fertilization

1- History of artificial insemination الحدثالسنهإسم العالم أول من استخدموا فكرة Artificial Fertilization القرن الـ 14العرب قام بتلقيح فرسه فى حالة الشبق بقطعة قطن مستخرجة من مهبل فرسة حديثة التلقيح 1664منيثي كاوا أول من اكتشف النطف1676م (القرن الـ 16) انتون فان وليونهوك أول من استخدم التلقيح الاصطناعي وجربه على الكلاب، وحصل على 10 % ثم جرب على بقية الحيوانات 1780مسبلانزي نجحوا في تحضير المخففات للسائل المنوي واستعمالها القرن 18 مالأسبان إبتكر أول Artificial Vagina للكلاب 1914مالعالم الإيطالى قلوسبي امانتيا Gluseppe,Amantea

الحدثالسنهإسم العالم واستخدم المهبل الصناعى على بقية الحيوانات 1937بونادونا استخدام المهبل الصناعى1922العالم الروسى أيفانوف استخدام المهبل الصناعى1938العالم الروسى ميلوفانوف اكتشافElectric electrode لجمع المني 1936قين Gunn تطوير الإلكترود الكهربائى1945ملابلاند وكاسو تطوير الإلكترود الكهربائى1954وبلاكشو تطوير الإلكترود الكهربائى1958مودزوك ومساعدوه استطاعوا أن يلقحوا صناعيا Artificial Insemination فرس و بقرة مالعالم الروسي أيفانوف ومساعدوه تجميد السائل المنوي للضفدع بواسطة سائل النيتروجين Liquid Nitrogen 1938، 1946مالعالمان ليت وهوداب وروستاند

الحدثالسنهإسم العالم استطاعوا أن يجمدوا السائل المنوي للثور بعد إضافة الجليسرول إليه 1949م و 1950 مبولج ومساعدوه أصبح السائل المنوي المجمد للثيران يتداول تجاريا 1954م استطاعت الشركة الفرنسية أن تطور حاويات القصبات أو القشات البلاستيكية Strows 1964م ميلاد أول مولودة لويزا براون بواسطة طفل الأنبوب 1978مالعالمين باتريك ستبتو وروبرت ادوارد

2- Types of artificial insemination أ- التلقيح الاصطناعي الداخلي Artificial insemination (AI) Is the collection of semen from the male and diluted, and then injected semen in the uterus of the female later by special injectors (IUT tube). ب- التلقيح الاصطناعي الخارجي (في الطبق)IVF) In Vitro Fertilization ( Is the collection of semen from the male, and collect the oocytes from the female, and fertilize the oocytes in vitro (externally or in the dish).

Semen collection methods Semen collection from male using one of the following methods:- 1- المهبل الاصطناعي Artificial Vagina 2- التدليك المباشرللقضيب Massage of penis 3- جهاز التنبيه الكهربائي Electro-Ejaculator 4- الملعقة المهبلية Vaginal spongy 5- من البربخ Cauda Epididymis

Is A rubber tube connected with steel valve, lining with inner soft membrane, rubbery funnel cone shape, rubber bands, glass tube and is used in large animals, sheep, rabbits, and each has its own vagina due to the length of the penis. 1- Is the most convenient and less side effects on animals 2- Direct massage was done for assistant gland by hand 3- Used for humans and some animal species like dogs and cats 4- Some animals need training for collection semen 1- Artificial Vagina - المهبل الاصطناعي 1- Artificial Vagina 2-Direct Massage of penis 2- التدليك المباشرللقضيب 2-Direct Massage of penis

1- Artificial Vagina - المهبل الاصطناعي 1- Artificial Vagina

2- التدليك المباشر لغدة الأمبيولا

It is a metal probe, like a penis, connected with the electrodes gives a wave electric (or battery) ranges between 0-15 volts.It inserted in the rectum of the male to stimulate the ejaculatory and seminal glands of the male. It is used for males when they can not collect semen from them by artificial vagina. It is quick and easy way, but they are painful to the male and the amount of semen that is collected from the male is less than the artificial vagina way. Usually used for wiled animals like deer and some domestic animals. 3-Electro-Ejaculator 3- جهاز التنبيه الكهربائي 3-Electro-Ejaculator

أ-جهاز القذف الكهربائي متنقل يعمل بالبطارية الجافة ب- جهاز القذف الكهربائي يعمل بالتيار الكهربائي

1- Is a long spoon to collect semen from the female's vagina after intercourse directly, and may be connected to suction tube to suck the sperm from the vagina 2- They used to mate a male with a female outside the heat or estrous stage. 3- The amount of semen, which collect is less, and semen may be contaminated with fluids of the vagina. 4-Vaginal spongy - الملعقة المهبلية 4-Vaginal spongy

1- Used for laboratory animals such as rat and mice 2- In a man who has no sperm in the semen, semen collected by a surgical process, cutting off part of the semenifreous tubules and spreading under a microscope to extract the sperm and then injected into the oocytes by intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique. 5- From Cauda Epididymis - من ذيل البربخ 5- From Cauda Epididymis

Semen evaluation 1- Evaluation of the male In terms of age, weight, size and especially the testes, and free from diseases. 2- Evaluation of the semen 1 - qualitative assessment * The volume of ejaculate: ranged between 2-15 ml according to the species of the male. * The appearance of semen and color: creamy white or yellowish.

2- Microscopic evaluation * Movement of the sperm * Forms of the sperm * Sperm concentrations 3- Testes on the semen 1- قياس صدمة البرودة Cold shock Suddenly cooled to 4-5 O C and measuring the living and the dead before and after the test. 2- المقاومة للحرارة العالية High heat resistance Sperm storage at a temperature of O C for some time, and calculate the movement and the living and the dead.

3- قياس الرقم أو الأس الهيدروجيني Measure the number or the pH Fresh semen is often neutral, then rises slightly and becomes acidic to increase the carbon dioxide CO 2 and lactic acid accumulation. 4- صبغة الحي والميت Dye the living and dead sperm Where is a sample of sperm was dye by methylene blue, tloddin, or Eocene heimatoxlin; the dead sperm take the dye color (for membrane permeability), while the live sperm remains a white color green or transparent. الشكل يوضح بعضاً من حالات فحص القمة الطرفية للحيوان المنوي (الاكروسوم) باستخدام الصبغة الفلورسنتية. الحيوان المنوي المصبوغ باللون الأخضر حيوان منوي حي الحيوان المنوي المصبوغ باللون الأحمر حيوان منوي ميت

* Methods of collecting eggs from female 1- From life organism (From the surface of the ovary at ovulation) …….. Ovum Pick Up 2- After slaughter of organism There are three ways to collect eggs from the ovary after the slaughter of the organism as follows: - 1- Aspiration 2- Puncture 3- Slicing 3- From the oviduct

1- From life organism (From the surface of the ovary at ovulation) …….. Ovum Pick Up

Ova collection form ovary After slaughter of sheep

a)Eggs entered the oviduct of the female mice hormonally activated b) The oocytes exited from the oviduct and surounded with the cumulus cells. From the oviduct

Collection requirements and evaluation of oocytes 1- Structure of the female reproductive system 2- Knowledge of the reproductive cycle of the female and hormonal control way 3- How to maturate the oocytes and fertilized in vitro 4- How to evaluate and judge the oocytes quality (polar body, irregular cytoplasm, the number of layers of cumulus cells)

3- Artificial Insemination of large and laboratory animal Artificial insemination procedure was used by using of sperm with special specifications, pure and free from disease, have been collected from male integrity and have same specifications and superior genetic, semen has been keeping and frozen in liquid nitrogen in straws with a capacity ranging between a quarter to one ml. 1- التلقيح الاصطناعي الداخلي ( AI) It is the reach of the sperm to the uterus of the female and fertilize the oocyte with sperm inside of the female reproductive system usally oviduct.

حاقنة خاصة تدفع عبر المهبل، تتجاوز منطقة عنق الرحم لقذف الحيوانات المنوية داخل الرحم أو لنقل الأجنة كما في طفل الأنبوب للمرأة.

In the laboratory animals such as mice, rat, and rabbit, semen collected from the epididymis in mice and rat while in rabbit collected by artificial vagina, then injected through the vagina using special tube to reach to the uterine horn and push the semen.

2- الإخصاب الخارجي (في الطبق) IVF Summarized method of in vitro fertilization IVF in the outer dish after collecting the sperm as the appropriate way to the male, as well as collect the oocytes from the females by the above-mentioned methods. 1- تحقن إناث الفئران بالهرمون المحفز لنمو الحويصلات (FSH) بما يترواح بين 5-10 وحدة دولية (IU). 2- بعد 48 ساعة يتم حقن الإناث بهرمون التبويض (LH) 5-10 وحدة دولية 3- بعد ساعة يتم تشريح الإناث واستخراج البويضات من قناة البيض (شكل 88-أ). 4- يتم التخلص من الخلايا الحويصلية حول البويضات بوضعها في بيئة تحتوي على 300 وحدة دولية تقريبا من أنزيم الهيالورونديز(Hyaluronidase) لمدة 3- 5د

5- ثم تغسل بوساطة البيئة ثلاث مرات 6- يتم عمل الإخصاب الاصطناعي الخارجي بوضع كمية معينة من سائل الحيوانات المنوية على البويضات تحت قطرة من البيئة في طبق بتري(شكل 88-ب). 7- تغطى قطرات البيئة بوساطة زيت البرافين ( Paraffin-Meneral oil ) لمنع التبخر والمحافظة على قطرات البيئة. 8- توضع الأطباق في الحضان المزود بالهواء 95% وثاني أكسيد الكربون 5%. 9- يتم متابعة النمو للأجنة (شكل 88-ج)وتغير البيئة كل يوم للتغذية والتخلص من الفضلات.

خطوات الإخصاب الخارجى فى الفئران البويضات بعد استخراجها من قناة البيض وإزالة الخلايا الحويصلية عنها البويضة وقد تمت إضافة الحيوانات المنوية إليها الإخصاب الخارجي (في الطبق)

نمو البويضات المخصبة وتكوين الأجنة في مراحل التفلج

طريقة جمع البويضات من مبيض المرأة بوساطة المنظار أو اللابروسكوب؛ حيث يتم عمل فتحة صغيرة في البطن أو من خلال إبرة، تخترق جدار المهبل إلى تجويف البطن ثم على المبيض ليتم شفط الحويصلات من سطحه. نقل الأجنة بعد وصولها إلى مرحلة البلاستوسيست 4- In vitro Fertilization-in- human-and-Test-Tube-Babies

5- The benefits of artificial insemination 1- The right choice for the desired specifications through the use of semen from the male with the appropriate specifications desired. 2- Reduce costs by reducing the amount of males in the farm. 3- The possibility of fertilization in the best time for the females. 4- Control of diseases transmitted through sexual intercourse. 5- Solving the problems of infertility.